* Funding bias in scientific studies also known as the agent-principle dilemma.

* Funding bias may lead to selection of outcomes, test samples, or test procedures that favor a study's financial sponsor.

* Funding bias

* Funding bias

* Funding bias

* Funding bias

* Funding bias, bias relative to the commercial interests of a study's financial sponsor

Funding may also reflect who or what the institution wants to influence ; in the United States, for example, " Some donors want to influence votes in Congress or shape public opinion, others want to position themselves or the experts they fund for future government jobs, while others want to push specific areas of research or education.

* Strategy, including: Funding sources ( individuals, corporations, foundations, donors / governments, endowments, sales / events ) and business model ( independent research, contract work, advocacy ); The balance between research, consultancy, and advocacy ; The source of their arguments: Ideology, values or interests ; applied, empirical or synthesis research ; or theoretical or academic research ( Stephen Yeo ); The manner in which the research agenda is developed — by senior members of the think tank or by individual researchers, or by the think tank of their funders ; Their influencing approaches and tactics ( many researchers but an interesting one comes from Abelson ) and the time horizon for their strategies: long term and short term mobilisation ; Their various audiences of the think tanks ( audiences as consumers and public-this merits another blog ; soon ) ( again, many authors, but Zufeng provides a good framework for China ); and Affiliation, which refers to the issue of independence ( or autonomy ) but also includes think tanks with formal and informal links to political parties, interest groups and other political players.

Key sources of income included £ 114. 71 million from tuition fees and education contracts ( 2009 / 10 – £ 106. 61 million ), £ 29. 65 million from Funding Council grants ( 2009 / 10 – £ 30. 62 million ), £ 24. 07 million from research grants and contracts ( 2009 / 10 – £ 23. 87 million ) and £ 6. 04 million from endowment and investment income ( 2009 / 10 – £ 4. 81 million ).

Key sources of income included £ 69. 1 million from tuition fees and education contracts ( 2009 / 10 – £ 62. 1 million ), £ 67. 4 million from Funding Council grants ( 2009 / 10 – £ 66. 6 million ), £ 12. 7 million from research grants and contracts ( 2009 / 10 – £ 13. 6 million ) and £ 0. 8 million from endowment and investment income ( 2009 / 10 – £ 0. 6 million ).

Funding for the project came primarily from the joint venture's financial partner, Ed Bass ' Decisions Investment, and cost $ 200 million from 1985 to 2007, including land, support research greenhouses, test module and staff facilities.

The UK Funding Councils ' 2008 Research Assessment Exercise ( or RAE ) found that over three-quarters ( 77 %) of Middlesex's research submitted for the RAE to be internationally recognised in terms of originality, significance and rigour.

Funding agencies, ethics boards and research review panels frequently request that a researcher perform a power analysis, for example to determine the minimum number of animal test subjects needed for an experiment to be informative.

Funding for this autonomous international research training institute developed from the Cooperative Wheat Research Production Program was undertaken jointly by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations and the Mexican government.

In the first category, funding for a new graduate school, the Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, was granted ; in the second, funding was granted for the excellence cluster Centre for Biological Signalling Studies ( bioss ); and in the third category, Institutional Strategy Line of Funding, open only to institutions with submissions qualified in the first two categories, the university is receiving funding for " Windows for Research ", which aims to promote a high level of interdisciplinarity between research fields and attract scientists from all over the world.

Funding from research councils is typically competitive.

Funding supports research and training efforts overseas, which focus on non-western foreign languages and area studies.

This claim is supported by relevant rankings, such as the DFG-Förderranking ( DFG Funding Rankings ) or the research rankings of the Centrum für Hochschulentwicklung ( CHE – Center for Higher Education Development ).

* Funding was authorized for research and demonstration relating to the coordination, utilization, and development of hospital services.

Funding came not only from the university, but also from commercial clients who contracted out research projects.

Funding for research in the United States has declined in the last two decades.

Funding is used for support of research, land acquisition matched ( 1: 1 ), construction, education, monitoring, and graduate research fellowships.

Funding of this type of research is still rather erratic, but at least the value of working with natural populations in the field cannot now be doubted.

Funding for research in the Faculty comes from around 45 funding organizations and agencies.

As of 2000, for-profit industry funded 57 %, non-profit private organizations funded 7 %, and the tax-funded National Institutes of Health funded 36 % of medical research in the U. S. Funding by private industry increased 102 % from 1994 to 2003.

Key sources of income included £ 39. 58 million from Funding Council grants ( 2008 / 09 – £ 39. 52 million ), £ 116. 91 million from tuition fees and education contracts ( 2008 / 09 – £ 104. 39 million ), £ 7. 86 million from research grants and contracts ( 2008 / 09 – £ 9. 29 million ), £ 1. 04 from endowment and investment income ( 2008 / 09 – £ 1. 83 million ) and £ 15. 05 million from other income ( 2008 / 09 – £ 19. 37 million ).

Funding for community colleges may come from government grants and course fees ; and most community colleges are not-for-profit organisations.

Funding came from many nations, and totaled $ 3. 7 billion, of which the United States contributed $ 2. 7 billion ; Britain $ 625 million and Canada $ 139 million.

Funding differs greatly by departments and universities ; some universities give five years of full funding to all Ph. D. students, though often with a teaching requirement attached ; other universities do not.

Funding differs greatly by departments and universities ; some universities give five years of full funding to all Ph. D. students, though often with a teaching requirement attached ; other universities do not.

Funding for Chinese studies may come from a variety of sources ; one prominent source, especially for Taiwan studies, is the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation.

Funding for this renovation came through some government and private support ; the renovated gate had its unveiling during the October 2005 visit of Guangdong governor Huang Huahua.

; Funding

During his later House service, he was appointed by President Harding to the World War Debt Funding Commission in 1922 ; and was chairman of the United States delegation to the conference for the control of international traffic in arms at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1925.

On 17 March 2008 the abolition of the LSC was announced ; funding responsibilities for 16 – 19 year old learners were to transfer to local education authorities and the new Skills Funding Agency was to distribute funding for adult learners in Further Education colleges.

Funding issues delayed the completion of the entire route to SR 67 until 2011, over fifty years after construction began ; until then, the city of Santee faced traffic snarls.

Funding levels are modest ; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs spent about US $ 8. 6 million on these efforts in 2002, and the Government Press Office was only budgeted at US $ 100, 000.

Funding increases began in 1999 ; after some recovery in the Russian economy and the associated rise in income, especially from oil, " Russia's officially reported defence spending in nominal terms at least, for the first time since the formation of the Russian Federation ".

Funding from Sport Canada is provided through the Athlete Assistance Program, which gives direct financial support to selected national team athletes ; the Sport Support Program, which funds national sports organizations ; and the Hosting Program, which helps sport organizations to host the Canada Games and international sport events.

In " Essay on the Funding System " ( 1820 ) Ricardo studied whether it makes a difference to finance a war with £ 20 million in current taxes or to issue government bonds with infinite maturity and annual interest payment of £ 1 million in all following years financed by future taxes.

Funding is managed by the Student Activities Organization ( SAO ), which oversees both the Caucus of Clubs and Organizations ( CCO ), and the Student Activities Committee ( SAC ), which is in charge of all large on-campus events.

Funding for the hospitals was provided by a mandatory tax of about 1 % of the wages of all maritime sailors.

Funding of all member institutions is controlled by the Board.

Until 1992, these colleges were controlled and funded by local education authorities ( LEAs ), but the Further and Higher Education Act, 1992 transferred all institutions within the sector to the Further Education Funding Council for England ( FEFC ), a national agency with strategic responsibility for the operation of general further education ( FE ) colleges.

Funding for the film fell through and all that remains is his screen test.

The Standing Committee on Finance and Appropriations is the sole body in charge of the allocation of the Student Activities Fee ( as of February 2010, with the passage of the Act to Improve Student Activities Funding ), which funds student groups, and must approve all GUSA legislation that deals with the appropriations of funds.

Funding for these expressways is collected by a system of tolls rather than the Interstate Highway System, although not all Autopistas are tolled.

Funding was provided by a tax levied on all imports and exports through the Japanese front lines into and out of Shanghai, and Su was assisted by a number of experts provided by the South Manchurian Railroad Company.

Funding for all clubs and most sports teams comes from the sale of SAC / ID cards and from fund-raising activities.

In its first four Rounds of Funding, UNDEF has supported more than 330 projects in 115 countries across all continents, from China, Iran and Myanmar to the Russian Federation, Vietnam and Zimbabwe.

Along with all colleges in the post 16 sector in England and Wales, Spelthorne was removed from the control of the County Council in 1992 when the funding passed to a central government quango-the Further Education Funding Council for England, later replaced by the Learning and Skills Council.