The sequencing of the rice ( Oryza sativa ) genome, its relatively small genome, and a large international research community have made rice an important cereal / grass / monocot model.

However, its primary use since at least the late 1980s has been to describe the application of computer science and information sciences to the analysis of biological data, particularly in those areas of genomics involving large-scale DNA sequencing.

* Automated sequencing of DNA by the chain termination method ; each of four different chain terminating bases has its own specific fluorescent tag.

Genome of this particular cultivar will be not sequenced ( at least in near future ), but sequencing of its wild species Nicotiana tabaccum is presently in progress.

It has one of the smallest genomes of any cereal species, and sequencing of its genome is finished.

Genome sequencing has provided a large amount of information on the genetic basis of nitrogen metabolism and its control in different cyanobacteria.

The small size of its genome makes Arabidopsis thaliana useful for genetic mapping and sequencing — with about 157 mega base pairs and five chromosomes, arabidopsis has one of the smallest genomes among plants.

Epigenetic research uses a wide range of molecular biologic techniques to further our understanding of epigenetic phenomena, including chromatin immunoprecipitation ( together with its large-scale variants ChIP-on-chip and ChIP-Seq ), fluorescent in situ hybridization, methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, DNA adenine methyltransferase identification ( DamID ) and bisulfite sequencing.

A recent study of Convolvulaceae species, Ipomoea asarifolia, and its associated fungi showed the presence of a fungus, identified by DNA sequencing of 18s and ITS ribosomal DNA and phylogenetic analysis to be closely related to fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae, was always associated with the presence of ergoline alkaloids in the plant.

The predominance of sequencing can also be found in the follow-up live album Dziękuję Poland Live ' 83, although it should be noted that many of its tracks are re-workings of those to be found on Audentity.

When 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and other research showed in 1989 that the bacterium did not belong in the genus Campylobacter, it was placed in its own genus, Helicobacter.

Because of its evolutionary position at the base of the flowering plant clade, there has been support for sequencing the complete genome of Amborella trichopoda to serve as a reference for evolutionary studies.

However, historians acknowledge that there are serious logical errors inherent in Evagrius ’ s surviving work, which is common for its epoch, namely the problematic chronological sequencing and skimming over of undeniably notable events such as major wars and other secular events.

Buchla's modular voltage-controlled synthesizer, which he called the Electric Music Box and which was constructed partly based on suggestions by Subotnick and Sender, was both more flexible and easier to use, and its sequencing ability was integral to Subotnick's music.

It was formerly placed in the large ground squirrel genus Spermophilus, in its own subgenus, Poliocitellus, but since DNA sequencing of the cytochrome b gene has shown Spermophilus to be paraphyletic it is now placed in its own genus.

In 2010 BGI dramatically expanded its sequencing capacity.

BGI ’ s 500-node supercomputer processes 10 terabytes of raw sequencing data every 24 hours from its current 30 or so Genome Analyzers from Illumina.

The HGP was established first but moved slowly in the early phases of research as the role of the Department of Energy was unclear and sequencing technology was in its infancy.

: Designed by Ken Garland, it is stylish in the classic mode, but what sets Land apart is the care that Fay gave to the combining and sequencing of its pictures.

One challenge for the ' strand sequencing ' method is in refining the method to improve its resolution to be able to detect single bases.

It was further decided to record six additional Christmas songs-with Hot Streets and Chicago 13 producer Phil Ramone-and re-issue the whole package in 2003 under a new design, title and sequencing, entitled What's It Gonna Be, Santa ?, deleting its predecessor in the process.

The differe nt strategies have different tradeoffs in speed and accuracy ; shotgun methods are often used for sequencing large genomes, but its assembly is complex and difficult, particularly with sequence repeats often causing gaps in genome assembly.

The circular chromosome contains 1, 830, 137 bases and its publication in the journal Science marks the first use of whole-genome shotgun sequencing, eliminating the need for initial mapping efforts.

Genome sequencing reveals that obligate bacterial endosymbionts of insects have among the smallest of known bacterial genomes and have lost many genes that are commonly found in closely related bacteria.

Celera focuses on genetic sequencing and related technologies.

The medical and agricultural importance of members of the genus Mycoplasma and related genera has led to the extensive cataloging of many of these organisms by culture, serology, and small subunit rRNA gene and whole genome sequencing.

Yang's work include the mapping and cloning of human genes, the sequencing and analysis of the human genome, human genome diversity and evolution, and the ethical, legal, and social issues related to genome research.

The sequencing of the yeasts related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae will ease the identification of key gene regulatory elements some of which may be common to all eukaryotes ( including both plant and animal kingdoms ).

RNA sequencing shows that the planctomycetes are related to the Verrucomicrobia and possibly the Chlamydiae.

* Equidistant letter sequencing, a concept related to bible codes

Subsequent studies based on sequencing found that the Alkhurma virus, found in Saudi Arabia is closely related.

The genus is closely related to ryegrass ( Lolium ), and recent evidence from phylogenetic studies using DNA sequencing of plant mitochondrial DNA shows that the genus lacks monophyly.

Shotgun sequencing is the method of choice for virtually all genomes sequenced today, and genome assembly algorithms are a critical area of bioinformatics research.

The development of DNA sequencing at the end of the twentieth century had a profound impact on the research of phylogenetic relationships within the family.

By the end of the 20th century, DNA sequencing had become available as a method of large scale research on phylogenetic relationships.

The NCBI houses genome sequencing data in GenBank and an index of biomedical research articles in PubMed Central and PubMed, as well as other information relevant to biotechnology.

Advances in many areas of genomics research are heavily rooted in engineering technology, from the capillary electrophoresis units used in large-scale DNA sequencing projects.

Scientific research for crop improvement and understanding the general biology of the genus is focused on Lotus japonicus which is currently the subject of a full genome sequencing project, and is considered a model organism.

The advent of DNA sequencing has significantly accelerated biological research and discovery.

Craig Venter was a researcher at the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ), and had started The Institute for Genomic Research, a nonprofit private research institute, in 1992 to work on various sequencing projects, including the Human Genome Project ( HGP ).

This group is studying the three-dimensional structure of the proteins of pathogenic organisms, sequencing and genotyping organisms considered potential agents of bioterrorism, studying the mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis, studying viral genomics, and providing a centralized facility to the research community with resources to conduct genomics research on pathogens and disease vectors.

This group is performing comparative genomic and proteomic surveys of Antarctic phytoplankton, sampling and cataloging life in the world's oceans, providing tools for the research community to access all of the publicly available bacterial genome sequences to date, and sequencing the genomes of hundreds of individual marine microbes.

Although in recent years the sequencing of Neandertal mitochondrial DNA first indicated that it was highly improbable that Neandertals contributed to the human genome, further research of the human genome has revealed conclusively that Neanderthals did in fact interbreed with non-African humans.

Since the publishing of the human genome, research carried out at the Institute has developed beyond sequencing of organisms into various biomedical research areas, including studies into diseases such as cancer, malaria and diabetes.

The Sanger Institute's bioinformatics teams have developed IT systems for sequencing and postgenomic research.

The effort in sequencing its DNA was intended to provide new avenues for research into insecticides and possible genetic modification to prevent the spread of virus.

These " polonies " are then used for various kinds of DNA research like DNA sequencing, although this method is not used in any currently commercially available sequencer.

* 2008 Dr. J. Craig Venter, J. Craig Venter Institute, for pioneering work in genomic research including rapid gene discovery, the first sequencing of a genome of a living species, and the first publication of a genome sequence of one human individual.