Its people, including Pierre Bottineau and other American Fur Company employees and the refugees from Fort Garry, were joined by the remaining Scots and Swiss from Fort Snelling when Major Joseph Plympton expelled them from the reservation in May 1840.

A significant contribution to the chemistry of alkaloids in the early years of its development was made by the French researchers Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou, who discovered quinine ( 1820 ) and strychnine ( 1818 ).

Chlorophyll was first isolated by Joseph Bienaimé Caventou and Pierre Joseph Pelletier in 1817.

The " Royalist democrats " or monarchiens, allied with Necker, inclined toward organising France along lines similar to the British constitutional model ; they included Jean Joseph Mounier, the Comte de Lally-Tollendal, the comte de Clermont-Tonnerre, and Pierre Victor Malouet, comte de Virieu.

Pétion, Latour-Maubourg, and Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie Barnave, representing the Assembly, met the royal family at Épernay and returned with them.

Joseph recognized by his brothers ( Léon Pierre Urbain Bourgeois, 1863 )

" The minority comprised anarchists and followers of Pierre Joseph Proudhon ( 1809 – 1855 ); as anarchists, the " Proudhonists " were supporters of limited or no government and wanted the revolution to follow an ad hoc course with little or no planning.

Among the early influences on individualist anarchism were William Godwin, Henry David Thoreau ( transcendentalism ), Josiah Warren (" sovereignty of the individual "), Lysander Spooner (" natural law "), Pierre Joseph Proudhon ( mutualism ), Anselme Bellegarrigue, Herbert Spencer (" law of equal liberty "), and Max Stirner ( egoism ).

Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government by Pierre Joseph Proudhon by Pierre Joseph ProudhonInsofar as they ensure the workers right to the full product of their labor, mutualists support markets and private property in the product of labor.

Émile ArmandEuropean individualist anarchism proceeded from the roots laid by William Godwin, Pierre Joseph Proudhon and Max Stirner.

In regards to economic questions within individualist anarchism there are adherents to mutualism ( Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Emile Armand, early Benjamin Tucker ); natural rights positions ( Early Benjamin Tucker, Lysander Spooner, Josiah Warren ); and egoistic disrespect for " ghosts " such as private property and markets ( Max Stirner, John Henry Mackay, Lev Chernyi, later Benjamin Tucker, Renzo Novatore, illegalism ).

For anarchist historian George Woodcock " Although ( Pierre Joseph ) Proudhon was the first writer to call himself an anarchist, at least two predecessors outlined systems that contain all the basic elements of anarchism.

Some notable mathematicians include Archimedes of Syracuse, Leonhard Euler, Carl Gauss, Johann Bernoulli, Jacob Bernoulli, Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Nilakantha Somayaji, Omar Khayyám, Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, Bernhard Riemann, Gottfried Leibniz, Andrey Kolmogorov, Euclid of Alexandria, Jules Henri Poincaré, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Alexander Grothendieck, David Hilbert, Alan Turing, von Neumann, Kurt Gödel, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Georg Cantor, William Rowan Hamilton, Carl Jacobi, Évariste Galois, Nikolay Lobachevsky, Rene Descartes, Joseph Fourier, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Alonzo Church, Nikolay Bogolyubov and Pierre de Fermat.

The French Academy of Sciences commissioned an expedition led by Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre and Pierre Méchain, lasting from 1792 to 1799, which measured the distance between the Dunkerque belfry and Montjuïc castle, Barcelona to estimate the length of the meridian arc through Dunkerque ( assumed to be the same length as the Paris meridian ).

The people featured as cards in the set are: René Descartes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, Mary Wollstonecraft, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Sojourner Truth, Karl Marx, Sitting Bull, Rosa Luxemburg, Peter Kropotkin, Emma Goldman, Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Bertrand Russell, Michel Foucault, and Avram Noam Chomsky.

Pierre Janssen and Joseph Norman Lockyer discovered a new element on August 18, 1868 while looking at the chromosphere of the Sun, and named it helium after the Greek word for the Sun, ( or ).

* Mikhail Bakunin: After Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Bakunin became the most important political philosopher of anarchism.

Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau (; ; October 18, 1919 – September 28, 2000 ), usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.

The most important French social theorist since Foucault and Lévi-Strauss is Pierre Bourdieu, who trained formally in philosophy and sociology and eventually held the Chair of Sociology at the Collège de France.

* 1938 – Pierre de Bané, Canadian politician

Pierre Cartier, a visiteur de longue durée (" long-term guest ") at the IHÉS, wrote a piece about Grothendieck for a special volume published on the occasion of the IHÉS's fortieth anniversary.

His early paintings show the influence of his contemporaries Pierre Puvis de Chavannes and Paul Gauguin.

This view has certain similarities to the concepts of Christogenesis advocated by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin.

Pascal was an important mathematician, helping create two major new areas of research: he wrote a significant treatise on the subject of projective geometry at the age of sixteen, and later corresponded with Pierre de Fermat on probability theory, strongly influencing the development of modern economics and social science.

* de Wit, Pierre.

This idea was heavily supported by Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympics, as well as the Greeks.

Cognitive science has a pre-history traceable back to ancient Greek philosophical texts ( see Plato's Meno ); and certainly must include writers such as Descartes, David Hume, Immanuel Kant, Benedict de Spinoza, Nicolas Malebranche, Pierre Cabanis, Leibniz and John Locke.

During WWII, an alpine team composed of Pierre Chevalier, Fernand Petzl, Charles Petit-Didier and others explored the Dent de Crolles cave system near Grenoble, France which became the deepest explored cave in the world (- 658m ) at that time.

Cartier was followed by nobleman Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts who was accompanied by explorer / cartographer Samuel de Champlain in a 1604 expedition where they established the second permanent European settlement in North America, following Spain's settlement at St. Augustine.

In January 1208 the papal legate, Pierre de Castelnau, was sent to meet the ruler of the area, Count Raymond VI of Toulouse.

Precise indications of this are found in the registers of the Inquisitors, Bernard of Caux, Jean de St Pierre, Geoffroy d ' Ablis, and others.

The idea of this system was developed in 1637 in writings by Descartes and independently by Pierre de Fermat, although Fermat also worked in three dimensions, and did not publish the discovery.

However many new approaches have appeared in recent years, especially by such scholars as Wilda Anderson, Kurt Ballstadt, Daniel Brewer, Jay Caplan, Andrew Clark, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Rosalina de la Carrera, Julie Candler Hays, Thomas M. Kavanagh, Walter Rex, and Pierre Saint-Amand.

Perhaps the first use of the term deist is in Pierre Viret's Instruction Chrétienne en la doctrine de la foi et de l ' Évangile ( Christian teaching on the doctrine of faith and the Gospel ) ( 1564 ), reprinted in Bayle's Dictionnaire entry Viret.

* 1824 – Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter ( d. 1898 )

* Rosenberg, Pierre, Peronnet, Benjamin, Un album inédit de David in Revue de l ' art, n ° 142 ( 2003-4 ), pp. 45 – 83 ( complete the previous reference )

In 1637, Pierre de Fermat scribbled on the margin of his copy of Arithmetica: " It is impossible to separate a cube into two cubes, or a fourth power into two fourth powers, or in general, any power higher than the second into two like powers.

In studying Arithmetica, Pierre de Fermat

Pierre de Fermat owned a copy, studied it, and made notes in the margins.

Lithograph of Maistre, from a painting by Pierre Bouillon.

Music for the Genevan psalter was furnished by Loys Bourgeois and others like Guillaume Franc and a certain Maistre Pierre.