Glottochronology ( from Att .- Greek γλῶττα “ tongue, language ” and χρóνος “ time ”) is that part of lexicostatistics dealing with the chronological relationship between languages.

Glottochronology is a controversial method of reconstructing in broad detail the history of a language and its relationships.

Glottochronology studies suggest the split occurred between about 1, 500 and 1, 800 BCE.

Glottochronology was found to work in the case of Indo-European, accounting for 87 % of the variance.

Glottochronology has been controversial ever since, partly owing to issues of accuracy, as well as the question of whether its basis is sound ( see e. g. Bergsland 1958 ; Bergsland and Vogt 1962 ; Fodor 1961 ; Chretien 1962 ; Guy 1980 ).

The Mathematical Models of Glottochronology.

Glottochronology has met with mounting scepticism, and is seldom applied today.

It was a response to the conflict between political pressure and the moral intuition which resulted in attempts at prediction.

This is certainly an irrational dogmatism, in which the modern mind attempts to understand the spirit of the sixteenth century on twentieth-century terms.

Although there is no question but that the process of washing fabrics involves a number of phenomena which are related together in an extremely complicated way and that these phenomena and their interrelations are not well understood at the present, this section attempts to present briefly an up-to-date picture of the physical chemistry of washing either fabrics or hard surfaces.

Further research in the meaning of crises as experienced by the consumers of traditional social casework services -- including attempts to develop a typology of family structures, crisis problems, reaction mechanisms, and differential treatment approaches -- and the establishment of new experimental programs are imperative social needs which should command the best efforts of caseworkers in collaboration with community planners.

A philosophy which attempts to supply ultimate answers in an ultimate way reveals its acquiescence in the shortcomings of men, an impatience with partial, tentative solutions.

The emphasis is given in anatomy, and it is one of the first attempts to represent a kind of motion, and beauty relative to proportions, which appear mostly in post-Archaic art.

Related to this is lexicostatistics, which attempts to determine the degree of relation between a set of languages by comparing the percentage of basic vocabulary ( words like " I ", " you ", " heart ", " stone ", " two ", " be ", " and ") they share in common.

One modern approach which attempts to overcome the seemingly impossible divide between deontology and utilitarianism is case-based reasoning, also known as casuistry.

During the last three centuries attempts have been made to sift away successively those gems which had no claim to be considered in any sense Gnostic, or specially Basilidian, or connected with Abrasax.

He also attempts to illustrate the way in which humanity, through sexual perversion and specifically homosexuality, has defiled itself from nature and God.

There he remained for about twelve years, during which time he made repeated but unsuccessful attempts to escape.

This was in marked contrast to the four attempts at political union between 1606 and 1689, which all failed owing to a lack of political will in both kingdoms.

The localizationist model attempts to classify the aphasia by major characteristics and then link these to areas of the brain in which the damage has been caused.

" Caplan comments on the impact of the Supreme Court's decision making it necessary for there to be evidence of guilt in such a plea, " By requiring that there be some evidence of guilt in such a situation, the decision attempts to protect the ' really ' innocent from the temptations to which plea-bargaining and defense attorneys may subject them.

In the opera, Salieri attempts to poison an anachronistic Shaffer but is bumped by a " clumsy oaf ", which causes him to inadvertently poison Mozart instead and spill wine on his favorite coat.

His few remaining masses ( the story of his having composed two hundred is hardly credible ) and church music in general are comparatively unimportant, except the great St Cecilia Mass ( 1721 ), which is one of the first attempts at the style which reached its height in the great masses of Johann Sebastian Bach and Beethoven.

Unsuccessful attempts at Cnossus were made by both W. J. Stillman and H. Schliemann, and A. J. Evans, coming on the scene in 1893, travelled in succeeding years about the island picking up trifles of unconsidered evidence, which gradually convinced him that greater things would eventually be found.

Some astronomers endeavoured to explain this by parallax, but these attempts were futile, for the motion was at variance with that which parallax would produce.

* Severe limb injuries in which the limb cannot be spared or attempts to spare the limb have failed

They bully Stewart and regularly take advantage of his attempts to befriend them, which usually results in Stewart getting in trouble with his parents for something actually done by Beavis and Butt-Head.

In more recent years, pure steals of home are rare, although a player may steal home plate during a " delayed double steal ," in which a runner on first attempts to steal second, while the runner on third breaks for home as soon as the catcher throws to second base.

The Jatakas, which are the stories of his lives, depict the various attempts of the bodhisattva to embrace qualities like self-sacrifice and morality.

Annex IX attempts to define " commodities " which are not considered wastes and which would be excluded.

) Starting from this, and accepting his estimate of the iniquities of modern society, it would follow that the really disturbing evidence of alienation would be that of a work-satisfaction survey which reported widespread, stated worker satisfaction, rather than widespread, stated worker dissatisfaction.

He then offered his own estimate of the weather, which was unenthusiastic.

The participating institutions each broadcast, in real time, a frequency signal with time codes, which is their estimate of TAI.

; Design: A set of experimental runs which allows the fit of a particular model and the estimate of effects.

The latter estimate was based on the angle between the half moon and the Sun, which he estimated as 87 ° ( the true value being close to 89. 853 °).

This was the beginning of the coastline problem, which is how to arrive at an estimate of a boundary that is infinite.

The census can be contrasted with sampling in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population, sometimes as an intercensal estimate.

This is because of a greatly reduced likelihood of errors: for a consensus estimate from multiple measurements to be wrong, the errors would have to be similar for all samples and all methods of measurement, which is extremely unlikely.

There are a total of 780 km of highways and roads in Dominica, 393 km of which are paved, leaving 387 unpaved, according to a 1996 estimate.

The estimate for a particular observed dataset ( i. e. for X = x ) is then, which is a fixed value.

Although franchisor revenues and profit may be listed in a franchise disclosure document ( FDD ), no laws require an estimate of franchisee profitability, which depends on how intensively the franchisee ' works ' the franchise.

He tells his psychologist at one early juncture that he has made similar attempts in all fifteen times now, which he calls a rough estimate.

By comparison, recent figures ( as of 14 November 2008 ) estimate Zimbabwe's annual inflation rate at 89. 7 sextillion ( 10 < sup > 21 </ sup >) percent., which corresponds to a monthly rate of 5473 %, and a doubling time of about five days.

* British Royal Automobile Club ( RAC ) horsepower is one of the tax horsepower systems adopted around Europe which make an estimate based on several engine dimensions.

In the Report of the Technical Committee on Refugees ( Submitted to the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine in Lausanne on 7 September 1949 )- ( A / 1367 / Rev. 1 ), in paragraph 15, the estimate of the statistical expert, which the Committee believed to be as accurate as circumstances permitted, indicated that the refugees from Israel-controlled territory amounted to approximately 711, 000.

This means that the software does not have to keep track of the position or estimate the speed at which the controls are moved.

The importance which Justin attaches to the words of the prophets, which he regularly quotes with the formula " it is written ", shows his estimate of the Old Testament Scriptures.

The French Academy of Sciences commissioned an expedition led by Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre and Pierre Méchain, lasting from 1792 to 1799, which measured the distance between the Dunkerque belfry and Montjuïc castle, Barcelona to estimate the length of the meridian arc through Dunkerque ( assumed to be the same length as the Paris meridian ).

In terms of total Disability-adjusted life years ( DALYs ), which is an estimate of how many years of life are lost due to premature death or to being in a state of poor health and disability, mental disorders rank amongst the most disabling conditions.

Such studies estimate that at the MAM, which may comprise up to 20 % of the mitochondrial outer membrane, the ER and mitochondria are separated by a mere 10-25 nm and held together by protein tethering complexes.

Another estimate is 86 billion neurons, of which 16. 3 billion are in the cerebral cortex, and 69 billion in the cerebellum.

Manual evaluation is performed by human judges, which are instructed to estimate the quality of a system, or most often of a sample of its output, based on a number of criteria.

Human remains have been found which have been dated to about 50, 000 BC although this is an estimate.