However, it did not come into general use until Joseph Greenberg ( 1963 ) formally proposed its adoption.

The Turkic-Mongolic-Tungusic and Korean-Japanese-Ainu groupings were also posited by Joseph Greenberg ( 2000 – 2002 ) who, however, treated them as independent members of a larger family, which he termed Eurasiatic.

* Joseph Greenberg ( 2000 – 2002 ).

It was superseded by those of Joseph Greenberg in 1955 and especially in 1963.

* Greenberg, Joseph H. 1955.

* Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963.

Various linguists have seen these North Eurasian languages as part of: < ul >< li > a Ural – Altaic language family ( popular until 1960s )</ li >< li > a Uralic and an Altaic family ( Anna V. Dybo | Dybo, Roy Andrew Miller | Miller, Nicholas Poppe | Poppe )</ li >< li > separate Uralic, Turkic languages | Turkic and Mongolian language | Mongolian families ( Gerard Clauson | Clauson, Gerhard Doerfer | Doerfer, Stefan Georg | Georg )</ li >< li > a Eurasiatic or Nostratic macrofamily ( Joseph Greenberg | Greenberg, Sergei Starostin | Starostin, Allan Bomhard | Bomhard )</ li ></ ul >

Much of the classification of African languages associated with Joseph Greenberg actually derives from the work of Westermann.

Functional grammar is strongly associated with the school of linguistic typology that takes its lead from the work of Joseph Greenberg.

Joseph Harold Greenberg ( May 28, 1915 – May 7, 2001 ) was a prominent American linguist, principally known for his work in two areas, linguistic typology and the genetic classification of languages.

Joseph Greenberg was born on May 28, 1915 to Jewish parents in Brooklyn, New York.

*" Joseph Harold Greenberg " by William Croft ( 2003 ) ( also: HTML version )

*" Complete bibliography of the publications of Joseph H. Greenberg " by William Croft ( 2003 )

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Greenberg ( 1963 ) and others considered it a subgroup of Cushitic, while others have raised doubts about it being part of Afroasiatic at all ( e. g. Theil 2006 ).

In 1963 Joseph Greenberg added them to the Niger – Congo family, creating his Niger – Kordofanian proposal.

Joseph Greenberg named the group and argued it was a genetic family in his 1963 book The Languages of Africa.

Dimmendaal ( 2008 ) notes that Greenberg ( 1963 ) based his conclusion on sound evidence, and that the proposal as a whole has become more convincing in the decades since.

Greenberg ( 1963 ) had classified it as the Western branch of Cushitic.

Greenberg ( 1963 ) added the Kru languages of Liberia, the Ghana – Togo Mountain languages which Westermann and Bryan had specifically excluded, and Ijaw of the Niger delta ; West Kwa included the languages from Liberia to Dahomey ( Republic of Benin ), and East Kwa the languages of Nigeria.

The classification of the relatively divergent family of Ubangian languages which are centered in the Central African Republic, as part of the Niger – Congo language family where Greenberg classified them in 1963 and subsequently scholars concurred, was called into question, by linguist Gerrit Dimmendaal in a 2008 article.

For linguists, a major point of interest in the Songhay languages has been the difficulty of determining their genetic affiliation ; they are commonly taken to be Nilo-Saharan, as defined by Greenberg in 1963, but this classification remains controversial.

When it was first proposed by Joseph Greenberg ( 1963 ) it included the Volta – Niger languages ( as West Benue – Congo ); the boundary with those languages and with Kwa has been repeatedly debated.

Greenberg followed this distinction in his The Languages of Africa ( 1963 ).

Dimmendaal ( 2008 ) notes that mounting grammatical evidence has made the Nilo-Saharan proposal as a whole more sound since Greenberg proposed it in 1963, but that such evidence has not been forthcoming for Songhay, Gumuz, and Koman: very few of the more widespread nominal and verbal morphological markers of Nilo-Saharan are attested in the Coman languages plus Gumuz ... Their genetic status remains debatable, mainly due to lack of more extensive data.

Dr. Wexler was preceded in the presidency by Dr. Simon Greenberg ( 1947 – 1963 ) and Dr. David Lieber ( 1963 – 1992 ).

The Languages of Africa is a 1963 book of essays by Joseph Greenberg, in which he sets forth a genetic classification of African languages that, with some changes, continues to be the most commonly used one today.

* Greenberg, Joseph H. ( 1963 ) The Languages of Africa.

Greenberg in his 1963 The Languages of Africa defined Bantoid as the group to which ( Narrow ) Bantu belongs together with its closest relatives ; this is the sense in which the term is still used today.

Drift in this sense is not language-specific but universal, a consensus achieved over two decades by universalists of the typological school as well as the generativist, notably by Greenberg ( 1960, 1963 ), Cowgill ( 1963 ), Wittmann ( 1969 ), Hodge ( 1970 ), Givón ( 1971 ), Lakoff ( 1972 ), Vennemann ( 1975 ) and Reighard ( 1978 ).

* Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963.