According to Greenberg Modern art followed a process of progressive reduction and refinement toward the goal of defining the essential, formal nature of each medium.

Musicologist Robert Greenberg of the San Francisco Conservatory of Music describes the highly unusual opening motif as a hiccup, belch or flatulence followed by a groan of pain.

Greenberg followed by hitting a grand slam.

This distinction is often overlooked but is fundamental to the genetic classification of languages ( Greenberg 2005 ).

Joseph Greenberg named the group and argued it was a genetic family in his 1963 book The Languages of Africa.

Joseph Greenberg, in The Languages of Africa, set up the family with the following branches.

The family was proposed by Joseph Greenberg in The Languages of Africa under the name Adamawa – Eastern as a primary branch of the Niger – Congo family, and itself divided in two branches, Adamawa ( e. g. Niellim ) and Ubangian ( e. g. Ngbandi, on which the creole Sango is based ).

The Languages of Africa is a 1963 book of essays by Joseph Greenberg, in which he sets forth a genetic classification of African languages that, with some changes, continues to be the most commonly used one today.

* Greenberg, Joseph H. ( 1963 ) The Languages of Africa.

* Greenberg, Joseph H. ( 1966 ) The Languages of Africa ( 2nd ed.

Greenberg in his 1963 The Languages of Africa defined Bantoid as the group to which ( Narrow ) Bantu belongs together with its closest relatives ; this is the sense in which the term is still used today.

* Greenberg, Joseph H. ( 1966 ) The Languages of Africa ( 2nd ed.

In doing so, Greenberg sought to emphasize the fact that Afroasiatic was the only language family that was represented transcontinentally, in both Africa and Asia.

Greenberg is widely known for his development of a new classification system for the languages of Africa, which he published as a series of articles in the Southwestern Journal of Anthropology from 1949 to 1954 ( reprinted together as a book in 1955 ).

Joseph Greenberg continued that tradition making it the starting point for modern linguistic classification in Africa, with some of his most notable publications going to press starting in the 1960s.

However, it did not come into general use until Joseph Greenberg ( 1963 ) formally proposed its adoption.

Greenberg ( 1963 ) and others considered it a subgroup of Cushitic, while others have raised doubts about it being part of Afroasiatic at all ( e. g. Theil 2006 ).

It was superseded by those of Joseph Greenberg in 1955 and especially in 1963.

* Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963.

In 1963 Joseph Greenberg added them to the Niger – Congo family, creating his Niger – Kordofanian proposal.

Dimmendaal ( 2008 ) notes that Greenberg ( 1963 ) based his conclusion on sound evidence, and that the proposal as a whole has become more convincing in the decades since.

Greenberg ( 1963 ) had classified it as the Western branch of Cushitic.

Greenberg ( 1963 ) added the Kru languages of Liberia, the Ghana – Togo Mountain languages which Westermann and Bryan had specifically excluded, and Ijaw of the Niger delta ; West Kwa included the languages from Liberia to Dahomey ( Republic of Benin ), and East Kwa the languages of Nigeria.

The classification of the relatively divergent family of Ubangian languages which are centered in the Central African Republic, as part of the Niger – Congo language family where Greenberg classified them in 1963 and subsequently scholars concurred, was called into question, by linguist Gerrit Dimmendaal in a 2008 article.

For linguists, a major point of interest in the Songhay languages has been the difficulty of determining their genetic affiliation ; they are commonly taken to be Nilo-Saharan, as defined by Greenberg in 1963, but this classification remains controversial.

* Greenberg, Joseph, 1963.

When it was first proposed by Joseph Greenberg ( 1963 ) it included the Volta – Niger languages ( as West Benue – Congo ); the boundary with those languages and with Kwa has been repeatedly debated.

Dimmendaal ( 2008 ) notes that mounting grammatical evidence has made the Nilo-Saharan proposal as a whole more sound since Greenberg proposed it in 1963, but that such evidence has not been forthcoming for Songhay, Gumuz, and Koman: very few of the more widespread nominal and verbal morphological markers of Nilo-Saharan are attested in the Coman languages plus Gumuz ... Their genetic status remains debatable, mainly due to lack of more extensive data.

Dr. Wexler was preceded in the presidency by Dr. Simon Greenberg ( 1947 – 1963 ) and Dr. David Lieber ( 1963 – 1992 ).

Drift in this sense is not language-specific but universal, a consensus achieved over two decades by universalists of the typological school as well as the generativist, notably by Greenberg ( 1960, 1963 ), Cowgill ( 1963 ), Wittmann ( 1969 ), Hodge ( 1970 ), Givón ( 1971 ), Lakoff ( 1972 ), Vennemann ( 1975 ) and Reighard ( 1978 ).

* Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963.

* Joseph Greenberg ( 2000 – 2002 ).

His classification was the standard one for many years ( Greenberg 1955: 3 ).

Greenberg was sold to the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1947, became the very first baseball player to earn over $ 80, 000 / year in salary ( he was paid $ 100, 000, ($ today ) plus $ 25, 000 that his contract with Detroit called for in the event they sold or traded him ).

Greenberg turned them down and instead attended New York University for a year, after which he signed with the Detroit Tigers for $ 9, 000 ($ today ).

In 1935 Greenberg led the league in RBIs ( 170 ), total bases ( 389 ), and extra base hits ( 98 ), tied Foxx for the AL title in home runs ( 36 ), was 2nd in the league in doubles ( 46 ), slugging percentage (. 628 ), was 3rd in the league in triples ( 16 ), and in runs scored ( 121 ), 6th in on base percentage (. 411 ) and walks ( 87 ), and was 7th in batting average (. 328 ).

To persuade him not to retire, Pittsburgh made Greenberg the first baseball player to earn over $ 80, 000 ($ today ) in a season as pure salary ( though the exact amount is a matter of some dispute ).

Greenberg wouldn't budge and pulled out of the running for what became the Los Angeles Angels ( now the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim ).

Greenberg first called this method " mass comparison " in an article in 1954 ( reprinted in Greenberg 1955 ).

He believed that multilateral comparison was not in any way opposed to the comparative method, but is, on the contrary, its necessary first step ( Greenberg, 1957: 44 ).

Comparative reconstruction has the status of an explanatory theory for facts already established by language classification ( Greenberg, 1957: 45 ).

Greenberg basically agreed with the Nostratic concept, though he stressed a deep internal division between its northern ' tier ' ( his Eurasiatic ) and a southern ' tier ' ( principally Afroasiatic and Dravidian ).

* Greenberg, Joseph H. ( 1966 ).

Eurasiatic, a similar but not identical grouping, was proposed by Joseph Greenberg ( 2000 ) and endorsed by Merritt Ruhlen: it is taken as a subfamily of Nostratic by Bomhard ( 2008 ).

Greenberg basically agreed with the Nostratic concept, though he stressed a deep internal division between its northern ' tier ' ( his Eurasiatic ) and a southern ' tier ' ( principally Afroasiatic and Dravidian ).

In 1950 Greenberg retained Eastern Sudanic and Central Sudanic as separate families, but accepted Westermann's conclusions of four decades earlier in 1954 when he linked them together as Macro-Sudanic ( later Chari – Nile, from the Chari and Nile watersheds ).

Early methods used a hemicube ( an imaginary cube centered upon the first surface to which the second surface was projected, devised by Cohen and Greenberg in 1985 ).

He met privately with Michael Bloomberg for 10 minutes, then met with CEO's, including Douglas N. Daft ( Coca-Cola Company ), Gerald M. Levin ( AOL Time Warner Inc .), Maurice R. Greenberg ( American International Group, commercial insurer ), and Dean O ' Hare ( Chubb Corporation, insurer ).

Some linguists maintain that Uralic and Altaic are related through a larger family, such as Eurasiatic or Nostratic, within which Uralic and Altaic are no more closely related to each other than either is to any other member of the proposed family, for instance than Uralic or Altaic is to Indo-European ( e. g. Greenberg 2000: 17 ).

* Greenberg, Joseph H. ( 2000 ).

* Greenberg, Joseph H. ( 2005 ).

* Kenneth S. Greenberg, Honor and Slavery: Lies, Duels, Noses, Masks, Dressing as a Woman, Gifts, Strangers, Humanitarianism, Death, Slave Rebellions, the Pro-Slavery Argument, Baseball, Hunting, and Gambling in the Old South ( 1996 ).