* 1503 – King James IV of Scotland marries Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII of England at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland.

* 1509 – Henry VIII ascends the throne of England on the death of his father, Henry VII.

* 1509 – Henry VII of England ( b. 1457 )

Then, in the Autumn of 1497, Perkin Warbeck tried to usurp the throne from Henry VII.

Gregory VII appeared to have succeeded when the emperor Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor was humiliated at Canossa in 1077.

Henry IV begging forgiveness of Pope Gregory VII at Canossa, the castle of the Countess Matilda, 1077.

The rebellious nobles in Germany who were interested in deposing Henry IV never forgave Pope Gregory VII for what they viewed as treachery.

Henry IV became so filled with hubris over his position, that he renounced Gregory VII and named the bishop of Ravenna pope.

The last words he uttered were, ‘ I have loved justice and hated iniquity, and therefore I die in exile .” Gregory VII must have felt he died in utter failure, and to many of his contemporaries it appeared Henry IV and Antipope Clement III had won.

The victory was as short-lived as that of his father, Henry IV over Gregory VII.

The controversy would surface in the Thomas Becket affair under Henry II of England, the Great Charter of 1217, the Statutes of Mortmain and the battles over Cestui que use of Henry VII of England, and finally come to a head under Henry VIII of England.

The struggle over investiture between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor had dramatized the clash between church and state.

When Pope Clement VII refused to annul the marriage, Henry defied him by assuming supremacy over religious matters.

Consequently she was third cousin of her father-in-law, Henry VII of England, and fourth cousin of her mother-in-law Elizabeth of York.

At an early age, Catherine was considered a suitable wife for Arthur, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of Henry VII of England and heir to the throne, due to the English ancestry she inherited from her mother Queen Isabella I of Castile.

By means of her mother, Catherine had a stronger legitimate claim to the English throne than King Henry VII himself through the first two wives of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster: Blanche of Lancaster and the Spanish Infanta Constance of Castile.

In contrast, Henry VII was the descendant of Gaunt's third marriage to Katherine Swynford, whose children were born out of wedlock and only legitimised after the death of Constance and the marriage of John to Katherine.

At this point, Henry VII faced the challenge of avoiding the obligation to return her dowry to her father.

Ostensibly, the marriage was delayed until Henry was old enough, but Henry VII procrastinated so much about Catherine's unpaid dowry that it was doubtful if the marriage would ever take place.

While Henry VII and his councillors expected her to be easily manipulated, Catherine went on to prove them wrong.

One of the earliest references to the clavichord in England occurs in the privy-purse expenses of Elizabeth of York, queen of Henry VII, in an entry dated August 1502:

The Church of England ( which until the 20th century included the Church in Wales ) initially separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1538 in the reign of King Henry VIII, reunited in 1555 under Queen Mary I and then separated again in 1570 under Queen Elizabeth I ( the Roman Catholic Church excommunicated Elizabeth I in 1570 in response to the Act of Supremacy 1559 ).

Thus the only member churches of the present Anglican Communion existing by the mid-18th century were the Church of England, its closely linked sister church, the Church of Ireland ( which also separated from Roman Catholicism under Henry VIII ) and the Scottish Episcopal Church which for parts of the 17th and 18th centuries was partially underground ( it was suspected of Jacobite sympathies ).

Azincourt is famous as being near the site of the battle fought on 25 October 1415 in which the army led by King Henry V of England defeated the forces led by Charles d ' Albret on behalf of Charles VI of France, which has gone down in English history as the Battle of Agincourt.

* 1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned as junior king and queen of England.

In the Church of England, the Bishop of Norwich, by royal decree given by Henry VIII, also holds the honorary title of " Abbot of St.

* 1513 – Battle of Guinegate ( Battle of the Spurs ) – King Henry VIII of England and his Imperial allies defeat French Forces who are then forced to retreat.

In 1054 King Edward sent Ealdred to Germany to obtain Emperor Henry III's help in returning Edward the Exile, son of Edmund Ironside, to England.

Although some sources state that Ealdred attended the coronation of Emperor Henry IV, this is not possible, as on the date that Henry was crowned, Ealdred was in England consecrating an abbot.

Edgar's will granted David the lands of the former kingdom of Strathclyde or Cumbria, and this was apparently agreed in advance by Edgar, Alexander, David and their brother-in-law Henry I of England.

The dispute over the eastern marches does not appear to have caused lasting trouble between Alexander and Henry of England.

He points that his father-in-law Henry I of England is asking them for a grandson.

Soon afterwards a claim for homage from Henry of England drew forth from Alexander a counter-claim to the northern English counties.

At the marriage of Alexander to Margaret of England in 1251, Henry III of England seized the opportunity to demand from his son-in-law homage for the Scottish kingdom, but Alexander did not comply.

Alexander had married Princess Margaret of England, a daughter of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence, on 26 December 1251.

* 1422 – King Henry V of England dies of dysentery while in France.

His son, Henry VI becomes King of England at the age of 9 months.

* 1413 – Henry V is crowned King of England.

He won the battle of Taillebourg in the Saintonge War with his brother Louis IX, against a revolt allied with king Henry III of England.

During that time he took a great part in the campaigns and negotiations which led to the Treaty of Paris in 1259, under which King Henry III of England recognized his loss of continental territory to France ( including Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Poitou ) in exchange for France withdrawing support from English rebels.

* 1100 – Henry I is crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.

Authority in the Roman Church is the exertion of that imperium from which England in the 16th century finally and decisively declared its national independence as the alter imperium, the " other empire ", of which Henry VIII declared " This realm of England is an empire " ...