With the formation of the Alexandrian School c. 330 BCE medicine flourished and written herbals of this period included those of the physicians Herophilus, Mantias, Andreas of Karystos, Appolonius Mys, and Nicander.

The Greek physician, Herophilus, distinguished veins from arteries but thought that the pulse was a property of arteries themselves.

Herophilos (), sometimes Latinized Herophilus ( 335-280 BC ), was a Greek physician.

Along with fellow physician Herophilus, he founded a school of anatomy in Alexandria, where they carried out anatomical research.

He and fellow physician Herophilus practiced anatomy with great success, and with such ardour that they are supposed to have dissected criminals alive.

For, in the first place, if the story is to be believed at all upon the authority of Hyginus, it would seem to belong rather to the 5th or 6th century BC than the 3rd or 4th ; secondly, we have no reason for thinking that Agnodice was ever at Alexandria, or Herophilus at Athens ; and thirdly, it seems hardly probable that Hyginus would have called a so celebrated physician " a certain Hierophilus " ( Herophilus quidam.

Herophilus of Chalcedon, who lived in 3rd century BC Alexandria, but in general, autopsies were rare in ancient Greece.

One such writer was Celsus who wrote in On Medicine I Proem 23, " Herophilus and Erasistratus proceeded in by far the best way: they cut open living men-criminals they obtained out of prison from the kings and they observed, while their subjects still breathed, parts that nature had previously hidden, their position, color, shape, size, arrangement, hardness, softness, smoothness, points of contact, and finally the processes and recesses of each and whether any part is inserted into another or receives the part of another into itself.

Galen was another such writer who was familiar with the studies of Herophilus and Erasistratus.

Human dissections were carried out by the Greek physicians Herophilus of Chalcedon and Erasistratus of Chios in the early part of the third century BC.

Through dissections, Herophilus was able to deduce that veins only carried blood.

The first recorded dissection of the human body in the Western world took place in ancient Alexandria by Herophilus and Erasistratus.

The city hosted such leading lights as the mathematician Euclid and anatomist Herophilus ; constructed the great Library of Alexandria ; and translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek ( called the Septuagint for it was the work of 70 translators ).

For some of the ancient sources, such as Herophilus, Galen's account of their work is all that survives.

Herophilus of Chalcedon, working at the medical school of Alexandria placed intelligence in the brain, and connected the nervous system to motion and sensation.

Herophilus also distinguished between veins and arteries, noting that the latter pulse while the former do not.

These included notable thinkers such as Euclid, Archimedes, Eratosthenes, Herophilus, Erasistratus, Hipparchus, Aedesia, Pappus, Hypatia, Aristarchus of Samos, and Saint Catherine.

* 280 BC – Herophilus Dissection studies the nervous system and distinguishes between sensory nerves and motor nerves and the brain.

Herophilus advocated bloodletting.

: For the man identified by Valerius Maximus as Herophilus, see Amatius.

Herophilus is thought to be one of the founders of the scientific method.

*" Herophilus ", Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement Vol.

) Herophilus: The Art of Medicine in Early Alexandria.

* Adrian Wills, " Herophilus, Erasistratus, and the birth of neuroscience ," The Lancet.

After Alcmaeon ’ s findings, many scientists, philosophers, and physicians from around the world continued to contribute to the understanding of neuroanatomy, notably: Galen, Herophilus, Rhazes and Erasistratus.

Herophilus and Erasistratus of Alexandria were perhaps the most influential Greek neuroscientists with their studies involving dissecting the brains.

Soranus, an Alexandrian physician of the 1st century, carefully examined mental illness as an illness.

Saint Apollos ( Ἀπολλώς ; contracted from Apollonius ) is an apostle who is also a 1st century Alexandrian Jewish Christian mentioned several times in the New Testament.

In harmony with Paul's notices are the statements in Acts that Apollos was a highly educated Alexandrian Jew, who " spoke and taught accurately about Jesus, even though he knew only the baptism of John.

" Thus Thrax, like contemporary Alexandrian scholars who edited Attic Greek and Homeric texts, was concerned with facilitating the teaching of classic Greek literature to an audience who spoke Koine Greek.

Virgil, probably working from an Alexandrian source, recognized three: Alecto (" unnameable " who appeared in Virgil's Aeneid ), Megaera (" grudging "), and Tisiphone (" vengeful destruction ").

The historian James Partington further thinks it likely that Greek fire was not in fact the creation of any single person, but " invented by chemists in Constantinople who had inherited the discoveries of the Alexandrian chemical school ".

Above all, Hadrian patronized the arts: Hadrian's Villa at Tibur ( Tivoli ) was the greatest Roman example of an Alexandrian garden, recreating a sacred landscape, lost in large part to the despoliation of the ruins by the Cardinal d ' Este who had much of the marble removed to build Villa d ' Este.

The traditional story is that Ptolemy II sponsored the translation for use by the many Alexandrian Jews who were fluent in Koine Greek ( the lingua franca of the Eastern Mediterranean from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, until the development of Byzantine Greek around 600 CE ), but not in Hebrew.

* Pope Liberius travels to Sirmium ( Pannonia ) late in the year and agrees to sign documents that effectively undo the Nicene Creed ( which has implicitly disavowed Arianism ) and to sever his relationship with the former Alexandrian patriarch Athanasius, who is replaced as bishop of Alexandria by his Arian opponent George of Cappadocia.

He is succeeded by Pope Liberius as the 36th pope who immediately writes to Constantius II requesting a council at Aquileia to discuss the former Alexandrian patriarch Athanasius, who opposes the Arian belief to which the emperor subscribes.

* Pope Julius I gives refuge at Rome to the Alexandrian patriarch Athanasius, who is deposed and expelled during the First Synod of Tyre ( see 335 ).

by the Alexandrian scholar, Aristophanes of Byzantium, who probably restored them to their appropriate metres after finding them written in prose form.

Again the focus of the lesson diverts somewhat, here on to the destruction of the Alexandrian Library, which upsets Thomasina, who mourns the loss of the knowledge contained there, though Septimus's response is that all that is lost will eventually turn up again.

The story later became a popular theme for Alexandrian versifiers, who played upon its poignancy at the expense of Archilochus.

θ and the use of the Doric accentuation, though it is uncertain whether these features were actually present in Alcman's original compositions or were added either by Laconian performers in the subsequent generations ( see Hinge's opinion below ) or even by Alexandrian scholars who gave the text a Doric feel using features of the contemporary, and not the ancient, Doric dialect.

Little of his work survives despite its interest to Alexandrian scholars, who collected it in two or three books.

The rise of Koine is conventionally marked by the accession in 285 BC of ( Greek-speaking ) Ptolemy II, who ruled from Alexandria, Egypt and launched the " Alexandrian period ", when the city of Alexandria and its expatriate Greek-medium scholars flourished.

A complete didactic poem ( 230 hexameters ) called Ποίημα νουθετικόν or γνῶμαι, bearing the name of Phocylides, is now considered to be the work of an Alexandrian Christian of Jewish origin who lived between 170 BC and AD 50.

His first published writings appeared in 1905 and attracted the attention of Valery Bryusov, who invited him to contribute to his influential literary magazine Vesy ( The Balance ), the center of the Symbolist movement, where in 1906 he published his verse cycle " Alexandrian Songs " ( modeled on Les Chansons de Bilitis, by Pierre Louÿs ) and the first Russian novel with a homosexual theme, Wings, which instantly achieved notoriety and made him a widely popular writer.

The terms Oriental Catholic and Eastern Catholic include these, but are broader, since they also cover Catholics who follow the Alexandrian, Antiochian, Armenian and Chaldean liturgical traditions.

At the beginning of his Indica, he refers to the older Indians who know about the prehistoric arrival of Dionysus and Hercules in India, which was a story very popular amongst the Greeks during the Alexandrian period.

Aristeas was an Alexandrian Jew who lived in the era of the later Ptolemies, approximately the second or third century BC.

His principles were opposed to those of Aristarchus, who was the leader of the Alexandrian school.