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* ISA bus or LPC Bridge.
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ISA and bus
Backplanes have grown in complexity from the simple Industry Standard Architecture ( ISA ) ( used in the original IBM PC ) or S-100 style where all the connectors were connected to a common bus.
EISA extends the AT bus, which the Gang of Nine retroactively renamed to the ISA bus to avoid infringing IBM's trademark on its PC / AT computer, to 32 bits and allows more than one CPU to share the bus.
Unfortunately, because the ISA bus was originally locked to the processor clock, this meant that some 286 machines had ISA buses that ran at 10, 12, or even 16 MHz.
In fact, the first system to clock the ISA bus at 8 MHz was the turbo 8088 clones that clocked the processors at 8 MHz.
Other 386 PCs followed suit, and the AT ( later ISA ) bus remained a part of most systems even into the late 1990s.
Some of the 386 systems had proprietary 32-bit extensions to the ISA bus.
( The Industry Standard Architecture, or " ISA ", name replaced the " AT " name commonly used for the 16-bit bus.
Thus, even systems which didn't use the EISA bus gained the advantage of having the ISA standardized, which contributed to its longevity.
Industry Standard Architecture ( ISA ) is a computer bus standard for IBM PC compatible computers introduced with the IBM Personal Computer to support its Intel 8088 microprocessor's 8-bit external data bus and extended to 16 bits for the IBM Personal Computer / AT's Intel 80286 processor.
The ISA bus was further extended for use with 32-bit processors as Extended Industry Standard Architecture ( EISA ).
The ISA bus was developed by a team led by Mark Dean at IBM as part of the IBM PC project in 1981.
In 1988, the Gang of Nine IBM PC compatible manufacturers put forth the 32-bit EISA standard and in the process retroactively renamed the AT bus to " ISA " to avoid infringing IBM's trademark on its PC / AT computer.
Therefore, the ISA bus was synchronous with the CPU clock, until sophisticated buffering methods were developed and implemented by chipsets to interface ISA to much faster CPUs.
Designed to connect peripheral cards to the motherboard, ISA allows for bus mastering although only the first 16 MB of main memory are available for direct access.
This board has few onboard peripherals, as evidenced by the 6 slots provided for ISA bus | ISA cards and the lack of other built-in external interface connectors
The PCI Local Bus was first implemented in IBM PC compatibles, where it displaced the combination of ISA plus one VESA Local Bus as the bus configuration.
VESA ( Video Electronics Standards Association ) Local Bus worked alongside the ISA bus ; it acted as a high-speed conduit for memory-mapped I / O and DMA, while the ISA bus handled interrupts and port-mapped I / O.
ISA and LPC
Modern motherboards do not have physical ISA expansion bus connectors any more, but the bus signals live on in the modern LPC bus for software compatibility.
The DMA controller allows ISA or LPC devices direct access to main memory without needing help from the CPU.
ISA and .
Additionally, " busboards " or " bridgeboards " may provide ISA or PCI buses.
ISA Passive Backplane showing connectors and parallel signal traces on back side.
Thus, a PICMG backplane can provide any number and any mix of ISA, PCI, PCI-X, and PCI-e slots, limited only by the ability of the SBC to interface to and drive those slots.
For example, an SBC with the latest i7 processor could interface with a backplane providing up to 19 ISA slots to drive legacy I / O cards.
PICMG 1. 0, 1. 1 and 1. 2 provide for ISA and PCI support with 1. 2 adding PCIX support.
In later years some of the emphasis in designing high-ILP computers has been moved out of the CPU's hardware and into its software interface, or ISA.
Progressively, these early designs were refined and remade into some of the common, modern SIMD specifications, which are usually associated with one ISA.
PC Floppy controllers ( ISA or onboard, but not USB floppy drives ) are able to deal with the 1581 format without need for any special tricks.
Alpha, originally known as Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer ( RISC ) instruction set architecture ( ISA ) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation ( DEC ), designed to replace the 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computer ( CISC ) ISA and its implementations.
ELSA Winner 1000 for ISA and EISA.
Unlike MCA, EISA can accept older XT and ISA boards — the lines and slots for EISA are a superset of ISA.
bus and LPC
An alternative arrangement which is more usual in recent designs has the FDC included in a super I / O chip which communicates via a Low Pin Count ( LPC ) bus.
bus and Bridge
There the bus turned right along the Bosphorus, past ocean liners at anchor, to Galata Bridge over the entrance to the Golden Horn, a brown sweep of water that empties into the Bosphorus.
Major bus depots include the Port Authority Bus Terminal at 42nd Street, the George Washington Bridge Bus Station, and the Journal Square Transportation Center in Jersey City.
Bust in George Washington Bridge bus station
In 2007, almost 25 million people travelled over the Øresund Bridge: 15. 2 million by car and bus, and 9. 6 million by train.
From this bus stop you can catch bus numbers 208 ( Lewisham, Catford, Orpington ), 54 ( Woolwich, Beckenham ), 136 ( New Cross, Peckham ) and N47 ( London Bridge, Chislehurst St Mary Cray ).
There are well established bus services serving the area, including services 213 ( Sutton to Kingston ), 151 ( Wallington to Worcester Park ), 93 ( North Cheam to Putney Bridge ) and the less frequent X26 express service between Heathrow and Croydon.
There are 4 bus stops in Horning on the A1062 at Bewilderwood, Ropes Hill, Mill Hill, Horning Upper Street and Ludham Bridge.
Nearby Gatzke resident Jeremy Hernandez was honored on August 15, 2007 for his role in rescuing dozens of children on a school bus trapped in the rubble of the I-35W Bridge in Minneapolis.
were with the bus the day the I-35W Bridge collapsed at 6: 05pm on Wednesday, August 1, 2007.
New Jersey Transit bus service is available from Bergenfield to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 166, 167 routes and the George Washington Bridge Bus Station on the 186 route ; and to other New Jersey communities served on the 753, 756 and 772 routes.
New Jersey Transit bus service is available to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 155 and 168 routes ; to the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal on the 182 route ; and to other New Jersey communities served on the 83 ( to Jersey City ), 751 and 755 routes.
Coach USA's Red and Tan Lines also provides service from Closter to the Port Authority Bus Terminal via the 20 and 14E bus routes, with limited service to the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal offered on the 84 route.
The New Jersey Transit 166 and 167 bus route provides service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan ; the 186 serves the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal ; and local service is available on the 753 and 772 routes.
New Jersey Transit bus lines serving Englewood include the 166 to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan ; the 171, 175, 178 and 186 routes to the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal ; and the 756 and 780 offering local service.
New Jersey Transit bus routes 144, 145, 148, 162, 163 and 164 serve the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan ; The 175 route serves the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal ; and the 712, 751, 752, 753, 755, 758 and 770 provide local service in New Jersey.
Daily bus service is provided by Rockland Coaches ( Red and Tan Lines ) on routes 84 and 14 to the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal and the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City.
New Jersey Transit provides bus service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 144, 162, 163 and 164 routes, to the George Washington Bridge Bus Station on the 175 route, and local service on the 709, 712, 758, and 770 routes.
However, due to weight restrictions on the Townsend Inlet Bridge, New Jersey Transit 315 / 319 bus service only stops on Central Ave and JFK Boulevard.
Local bus service is provided by New Jersey Transit on the 884 route, with train service on the Raritan Valley Line available at the High Bridge station.
New Jersey Transit provides bus service to towns along US Route 9 from Lakewood to Old Bridge and to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York City via bus routes 131, 135 and 139, to Newark on the 67 route, to Jersey City on the 64 and 67, as well as local service on the 833, 836 and 307 routes.
New Jersey Transit bus route 156 serves the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan and the 186 terminates at the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal.
Fairview is served by New Jersey Transit bus routes 127, 128, 154, 156, 159, 165, 166 and 168 to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan ; the 181 to the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal ; the 83 to Jersey City ; and local service on the 751 and 755 routes.
New Jersey Transit provides bus service to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 148 ( on Route 208 ), 164 and 196 ( also on 208 ) bus lines, service to the George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal on the 175, and local service on the 722 ( on Lincoln Avenue ) and 746 bus lines.
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