Acropolis is also the term used by archaeologists and historians to the urban Castro culture settlements located in Northwestern Iberian hilltops.

Two branches of their descendants left Egypt and Scythia at the time of the Exodus of Moses, and after a period of wandering the shores of the Mediterranean ( including sustained settlements at Miletus and Zancle ) arrived in the Iberian Peninsula, where they settled after several battles.

As for the settlements and monuments within the Iberian context, Beaker pottery is generally found in association with local Chalcolithic material and appears most of all as an " intrusion " from the 3rd millennium in burial monuments whose origin may go back to the 4th or 5th millennium BC.

In the centuries preceding Carthaginian and Roman conquest, Iberian settlements grew in social complexity, exhibiting evidence of social stratification and urbanization.

The unearthed settlements and archaeological artifacts from that time are unique in that they reflect influences from both Iberian ( east Georgia ) and Colchian ( west Georgia ) cultures with possible Sarmatian elements.

Tempranillo has been grown on the Iberian Peninsula since the time of Phoenician settlements.

This includes sites in Igreja Nova, such as Penedo do Lexim ( considered a important point in comprehending the Neolithic and Copper Age Iberian settlements ) and occupied during the final part of the Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.

Other Iberian settlements in this region of a similar age to Los Millares include the settlement of Los Silillos and Neolithic finds at Cabrera.

The Iberian coastal settlements at the mouth of the Algar river in the wide Bay of Altea were later joined by a Greek marketplace, named Althaia.

In the castle are Neolithic settlements, Bronze Age, Iberian, Roman ( who called it " Castra Alta ", high strength ) and Arabs, historically, the castle has been the core around which they would bringing together the amullarada city housing.

Ancient Iberian finds date back to the 8th century BC, and there are several archaeological remains of later Greek and Roman settlements.

The earliest settlements began with Celtiberians, from the central Iberian Peninsula around the 6th Century B. C., and were followed by the Celts.

Growth of settlements during the classic period were likely associated with the strategic importance of the Iberian Pyrite zone.

* Iberian settlements at Montbarbat.

The Reserve contains important archaeological finds such as cave paintings, Phoenician amphoras and the remains of Iberian settlements.

* 711 – Islamic conquest of Hispania: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn-Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula ( Al-Andalus ).

The Almoravids were crucial in avoiding a precipitated fall of Al-Andalus to the Iberian Christian kingdoms, when they decisively beat a coalition of the Castilian and Aragonese armies at the Battle of Sagrajas.

The title was not exactly hereditary but self proclaimed by those who had, wholly or partially, united the Christian northern part of the Iberian peninsula, often at the expense of killing rival siblings.

The Visigoths meanwhile, having sacked Rome two years earlier, arrived in the region in 412 founding the Visigothic kingdom of Toulouse ( in the south of modern France ) and gradually expanded their influence into the Iberian peninsula at the expense of the Vandals and Alans, who moved on into North Africa without leaving much permanent mark on Hispanic culture.

A decisive victory for the Christian took place at Covadonga, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, in the summer of 722.

This occupation of the Iberian peninsula fueled local nationalism, and soon the Spanish and Portuguese fought the French using guerilla tactics, defeating the French forces at the Battle of Bailén ( June and July 1808 ).

Scipio had studied Hannibal's tactics and brilliantly devised some of his own, and finally defeated Rome's nemesis at Zama, having previously driven Hasdrubal, Hannibal's brother, out of the Iberian Peninsula.

According to legend, the monastery of San Juan de la Peña, located at the south-west of Jaca, in the province of Huesca, Spain, protected the chalice of the Last Supper from the Islamic invaders of the Iberian Peninsula.

* 1521 – Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noáin during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.

Iberian Peninsula at about 300 BC.

At the end of the 11th century, the Franks, as they were called at the time, started to penetrate the Iberian Peninsula through the Ways of St. James via Somport and Roncesvalles, settling on various spots of the Kingdoms of Navarre and Aragon enticed by the privileges granted them by the Navarrese kings.

On the basis of this premise, he is the person who from 1245 to 1250 became known as Pedro Hispano ( because he came from Hispania, the Iberian Peninsula ), and taught medicine at the University of Siena.

After the Islamic Moorish conquest of nearly all of the Iberian Peninsula in 711-718 and the establishment of the emirate of Al-Andalus, an Umayyad were expedition suffered a major defeat at the Battle of Toulouse and were halted for a while on their way north.

This battle was considered by the Muslims as little more than a skirmish, while the Battle of Toulouse ( 721 ), with at death toll of maybe tens of thousands, was mourned for centuries as a large scale tragedy by the Iberian Muslims.

Alfonso's military strategy was typical of Iberian warfare at the time.

Their armies entered the Iberian peninsula on several occasions ( 1086, 1088, 1093 ) and defeated King Alfonso at the Battle of Sagrajas in 1086, but initially their purpose was to unite all the Taifas into a single Almoravid Caliphate.

Moreover, the ease with which the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula was directly and immediately continued by the exploits of conquistadors beyond the Atlantic clearly shows that for Spaniards at the time, conquest of non-Christian territory and its transformation into a Catholic, Spanish-speaking land were legitimate, whether or not a claim of prior possession of the land could be advanced.

* 718: Moorish Islamic rule is at its widest, covering almost all of the Iberian Peninsula, the Pyrenees, and part of today's southern France.

* Iberian gauge (): 11, 829 km ( 6, 950 km electrified at 3 kV DC )

Spanish Galgo looking at its Iberian habitat

* April 30 – Umayyad troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar, and begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula and conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom ( See Moors, Al-Andalus, and Umayyad conquest of Hispania ).

Around 1906, Picasso met Matisse through Gertrude Stein, at a time when both artists had recently acquired an interest in primitivism, Iberian sculpture, African art and African tribal masks.

He followed that up some years later by declaring that the Iberian Peninsula rotated precisely at Perpignan station 132 million years ago – an event the artist invoked in his 1983 painting Topological Abduction of Europe – Homage to René Thom.

* Iberian Peninsula: Alphonso IX defeats Ibn Hud al-Yamani ( known as almogàver by the Christians ) at the battle of Alange.

Generally it appears at much lower frequencies among Iberian populations, and lower as distance from North Africa increases.

Archeological site of Tossal de Manises, ancient Iberians | Iberian – Carthaginian – Ancient Rome | Roman city of " Akra-Leuke " or " Lucentum "

Example groups include the Vaqueiros de Alzada of Asturias, the Maragatos of Leon, the Agotes of Navarra, and the Kale ( gypsies ) of the entire Iberian peninsula.

Examples of Chalcolithic cultures in Europe include Vila Nova de São Pedro and Los Millares on the Iberian Peninsula.

* 1640 – Miguel de Vasconcelos, last Secretary of State of the Kingdom of Portugal, during the Iberian Union ( b. c. 1590 )

It separates the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe, and extends for about from the Bay of Biscay ( Cap Higuer ) to the Mediterranean ( Cap de Creus ).

Propaganda accounts of Muslim-Christian hostility came into being to support that idea: most notably, the Chanson de Roland, a highly mythical contemporary French re-creation of the Battle of Roncevaux Pass ( 778 ) dealing with the Iberian Saracens, and taught as true in the French educational system until not long ago.

Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe, occupying most ( about 85 percent ) of the Iberian Peninsula and includes a small exclave inside France called Llívia as well as the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Western Atlantic Ocean off northwest Africa, and five places of sovereignty ( plazas de soberanía ) on and off the coast of north Africa: Ceuta, Melilla, Islas Chafarinas, Peñón de Alhucemas, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera.

* 1212 — The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in Iberia sees the beginning of a rapid Christian reconquest of the southern half of the Iberian peninsula, mainly from 1230 – 1248, with the defeat of Moorish forces.

In the Iberian Peninsula, the 7th century was the Siglo de Concilios, that is, century of councils, referring to the Councils of Toledo.

* Summer – War of the League of Cambrai: Ferdinand II of Aragon sends Don Fadrique de Toledo to complete the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.

* The de facto ruler of al-Andalus, al-Mansur, continues his effort in the north of the Iberian peninsula, he takes and sacks Coimbra ( following this episod the city is said to have remained deserted for six years ).

He was the first king who initiated the use of the Castilian language extensively, instead of Latin ( Latin was de jure around Iberian peninsula in that time ).

* The de facto ruler of Al-Andalus, al-Mansur, conquers and razes to the ground the city of Zamora, as part of his effort to seize the Christian-dominated north of the Iberian Peninsula.

The French word was derived from the Spanish embarazar, whose first recorded usage was in 1460 in Cancionero de Stúñiga ( Songbook of Stúñiga ) by Álvaro de Luna .< sup > 7 </ sup > The Spanish word likely comes from the Portuguese embaraçar, which probably is a combination of the prefix em-( from Latin in-for " in -") with baraça " a noose ", or " rope ", which makes sense with the synonym encinta (" on noose, on rope " because of the old usage of women to wear a strap of cloth on their dresses when pregnant ).< sup > 8 </ sup > Baraça originated before the Romans began their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in 218 BCE .< sup > 9 </ sup > Thus, baraça could be related to the Celtic word barr, " tuft ".

* Red Ibérica de Ecoaldeas ( Iberian network ecovillages )

Instead of concentrating his next attack on Havana with the intention of conquering Cuba, as expected, Vernon depart again to New Granada to attack Cartagena de Indias, the main port of the Viceroyalty and main point of the Indian fleet to the Iberian Peninsula.

The army of Navarre fought beside other Christian Spanish kingdoms in the decisive battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, after which the Muslim conquests in the Iberian Peninsula were slowly reduced to the small territory of Granada in 1252.

The Ter is a river in Catalonia ( northeastern of the Iberian Peninsula ) that rises in Ulldeter at an approximate altitude of 2400 meters, at the foot of a glacial cirque delimited by the nearby peaks of el Bastiments, el Gra de Fajol, or el Pic de la Dona.

He participated in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 that marked the turning point of Arab domination on the Iberian peninsula.