On December 9, 1862, Sergeant Edwin H. Fay, an unusual Louisianan who held A.B. and M.A. degrees from Harvard University and who before the war was headmaster of a private school for boys in Louisiana, wrote his wife: `` I saw Pemberton and he is the most insignificant puke I ever saw.

However, lacking requested reinforcements from McClellan, now commanding the Army of the Potomac, Pope was soundly defeated at the Second Battle of Bull Run in the summer of 1862, forcing the Army of the Potomac to defend Washington for a second time.

Republican editor Horace Greeley of the highly influential New York Tribune fell for the ploy, and Lincoln refuted it directly in a shrewd letter of August 22, 1862.

The Emancipation Proclamation, issued on September 22, 1862, and put into effect on January 1, 1863, declared free the slaves in 10 states not then under Union control, with exemptions specified for areas already under Union control in two states.

Lincoln spent the next 100 days preparing the army and the nation for emancipation, while Democrats rallied their voters in the 1862 offyear elections by warning of the threat freed slaves posed to northern whites.

He signed the Homestead Act in 1862, making millions of acres of government-held land in the West available for purchase at very low cost.

The Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act, also signed in 1862, provided government grants for agricultural colleges in each state.

The Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 and 1864 granted federal support for the construction of the United States ' First Transcontinental Railroad, which was completed in 1869.

He received a brevet promotion to lieutenant colonel in the regular army for his actions at Antietam and was promoted in March 1863 to major general of volunteers, to rank from November 29, 1862.

In 1862, Lincoln appointed Johnson military governor of occupied Tennessee, where he was effective in fighting and ending the rebellion ; he implemented Reconstruction policies in the state and transitioned for a time to a pro-emancipation policy.

Founded on 4 February 1862, and family-owned for the past seven generations, Bacardi now employs nearly 6, 000 people, manufactures its brands at 27 facilities in 16 markets on four continents, with sales in more than 150 countries.

The most notable power canal was built in 1862 for the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and Manufacturing Company.

Out of 4, 303 arrests in Rio police jail in 1862, 404 detainees — nearly 10 %— had been arrested for capoeira.

Meanwhile, also in 1859, he had been made professor ordinarius of theology and of Biblical paleography, this latter professorship being specially created for him ; and another book of travel, Aus dem heiligen Lande, appeared in 1862.

3 of the 1862 Act granted the railroads of public land for every mile laid, except where railroads ran through cities and crossed rivers.

A New Yorker named John Kennedy wrote to the U. S. Army in 1862, offering to furnish discs for all officers and men in the Federal Army, enclosing a design for the disc.

Bassist Johann Hindle ( 1792 – 1862 ), who composed a concerto for the double bass, pioneered tuning the bass in fourths, which marked a turning point for the double bass and its role in solo works.

Haeckel studied under Karl Gegenbaur at the University of Jena for three years, earning a doctorate in zoology, before becoming a professor of comparative anatomy at the University of Jena, where he remained for 47 years, from 1862 to 1909.

In 1862, she was finally admitted for private study by the Society of Apothecaries.

* 1862 – Jefferson Davis is officially inaugurated for a six-year term as the President of the Confederate States of America in Richmond, Virginia.

Although usually thought of as a spiritual, the earliest recorded use of the song was as a rallying anthem for the Contrabands at Fort Monroe sometime before July 1862.

After becoming a lawyer, Cleveland worked for the Rogers firm for three years, leaving in 1862 to start his own practice.

Lamy was awarded a medal at the International Exhibition in London 1862: For the discovery of a new and abundant source of thallium and after heavy protest Crookes also received a medal: thallium, for the discovery of the new element.

The work shown by the firm at the 1862 International Exhibition attracted much notice, and from 1866 began to make a profit.

There was a minor scandal in 1862 when Palgrave was commissioned to write a catalogue for the 1862 International Exhibition, in which he praised Woolner and denigrated other sculptors, especially Woolner's main rival Carlo Marochetti.

Giuseppe Verdi, in his Inno delle Nazioni ( Hymn of the Nations ), composed for the London International Exhibition of 1862, chose Il Canto degli Italiani and not the Marcia Reale to represent Italy, putting it beside God Save the Queen and La Marseillaise.

He represented Victoria at the London International Exhibition of 1862 and at the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876.

The work shown by the firm at the 1862 International Exhibition attracted much notice, and within a few years it was flourishing.

Nevertheless Meyerbeer's last years saw the composition of a good deal of non-operatic music, including a Coronation March for William I of Prussia, ( 1861 ), an overture for the 1862 International Exhibition in London, and incidental music ( now lost ) to Henri Blaze de Bury's play La jeunesse de Goethe ( 1860 ).

The International of 1862, or Great London Exposition, was a world's fair.

A stereoscopic view of the 1862 International Exhibition published by the London Stereoscopic and Photographic Company | London Stereoscopic Company </ center >

* Dishon, Dalit, South Kensington's forgotten palace: the 1862 International Exhibition Building, PhD thesis, University of London, 2006.

* Hollingshead, John, A Concise History of the International Exhibition of 1862.

* Images of the 1862 International Exhibition Science and Society Picture Library

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There was a minor scandal in 1862 when Palgrave was commissioned to write a catalogue for the 1862 International Exhibition, in which he praised his friend the sculptor Thomas Woolner and denigrated other sculptors, especially Woolner's main rival Carlo Marochetti.

His Handbook to the Fine Arts Collection, International Exhibition, 1862, and his Essays on Art ( 1866 ), though flawed, were full of striking judgments strikingly expressed.

In 1862, traffic for the second International Exhibition, suffered extensive delays over the stretch of line into London over the Great Northern Railway's track ; the route into London via the London and North Western was also at capacity, with coal trains causing the network at Rugby and elsewhere to reach effective gridlock.

The building stock was acquired from the 1862 International Exhibition held the previous year in South Kensington, London.

He publicly demonstrated it at the 1862 International Exhibition in London, calling the material he produced " Parkesine.

Specimens of daggers, and other warlike weapons were sent by the Rajahs of India to the International Exhibition of 1851 and 1862.

He went abroad again in 1855, and resided seven years in London, sending his pictures to the Royal Academy and to the International exhibition of 1862.