Any person or entity wishing to use intellectual property held under copyright must receive permission from the copyright holder to use this work, and often will be asked to pay for the use of copyrighted material.

AIX was a component of the 2003 SCO v. IBM lawsuit, in which the SCO Group filed a lawsuit against IBM, alleging IBM contributed SCO's intellectual property to the Linux codebase.

Ayahuasca has also stirred debate regarding intellectual property protection of traditional knowledge.

In India some intellectual references of the movement can be found in the works of Vandana Shiva, an ecologist and feminist, who in her book Biopiracy documents the way that the natural capital of indigenous peoples and ecoregions is converted into forms of intellectual capital, which are then recognized as exclusive commercial property without sharing the private utility thus derived.

The SIG also manages the Bluetooth SIG Qualification program, a certification process required for any product using Bluetooth wireless technology and a pre-condition of the intellectual property license for Bluetooth technology.

Additionally, Borland was known for its practical and creative approach towards software piracy and intellectual property ( IP ), introducing its " Borland no-nonsense license agreement ".

Another factor influencing the biotechnology sector's success is improved intellectual property rights legislation — and enforcement — worldwide, as well as strengthened demand for medical and pharmaceutical products to cope with an ageing, and ailing, U. S. population.

Certain international trade laws, such as those on intellectual property, are also enforced in India.

It is a form of intellectual property ( like the patent, the trademark, and the trade secret ) applicable to any expressible form of an idea or information that is substantive and discrete.

Simultaneously, businesses with great economic dependence upon copyright have advocated the extension and expansion of their intellectual property rights, and sought additional legal and technological enforcement.

Another widely debated issue is the relationship between copyrights and other forms of " intellectual property ", and material property.

Not until capitalism emerges in Europe with its individualist ideological underpinnings does the conception of intellectual property and by extension copyright law emerge.

Copyright, like other intellectual property rights, is subject to a statutorily determined term.

* Collection of laws for electronic access from WIPO – intellectual property laws of many countries

The controversy over software patents is about specific algorithms or techniques that the software contains, which may not be duplicated by others and considered intellectual property and copyright infringement depending on the severity.

Some of these games, such as Pyramid from Battlestar Galactica, become real card games as the holder of the intellectual property develops and markets a suitable deck and ruleset for the game, while others, such as " Exploding Snap " from the Harry Potter franchise, lack sufficient descriptions of rules, or depend on cards or other hardware that are infeasible or physically impossible.

The word capsule alludes to how Capcom likened its game software to " a capsule packed to the brim with gaming fun ", as well as to the company's desire to protect its intellectual property with a hard outer shell, preventing illegal copies and inferior imitations.

While often criticized for its reliance on existing franchises, the company developed several titles for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 based on original intellectual property: Lost Planet and Dead Rising.

OTT protects and manages the intellectual property developed by faculty members, students, other researchers, and JPL technologists.

When the holder of the intellectual property discards all existing continuity and starts from scratch it is known as rebooting.

However, since the lawsuit was filed in a state California court, the lawsuit was tossed out because only federal courts have jurisdiction over intellectual property issues.

Under Chiang Kai-Shek, the government recognized limited civil and economic freedoms, property rights ( personal and intellectual ) and other liberties.

On March 15, 2004, Amiga, Inc. announced that on April 23, 2003 it had transferred its rights over past and future versions of the Amiga OS ( but not over other intellectual property ) to Itec, LLC, later acquired by KMOS, Inc., a Delaware company.

With the knowledge that the kingdom comes by obedience to the moral law in our relations with all people, we have a firm intellectual grasp on both the means and the ends of our lives.

In this globalising world, comparative law is important for it provides a platform for intellectual exchange in terms of law and it cultivates a culture of understanding in a diverse world.

In some areas of the law this heading of damages is uncontroversial ; most particularly intellectual property rights and breach of fiduciary relationship.

Few would dispute the verdict of James D. Forbes, an editor of the eighth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica: " His scientific glory is different in kind from that of Young and Fresnel ; but the discoverer of the law of polarization of biaxial crystals, of optical mineralogy, and of double refraction by compression, will always occupy a foremost rank in the intellectual history of the age.

This functions very well in New Zealand and includes law as it applies to contracts, restrictive trade practices, intellectual property and the law of misleading or deceptive conduct.

Critics have objected to GMOs on several grounds, including tampering with nature, ecological concerns, economic concerns raised by the fact these organisms are often subject to intellectual property law, whether food produced from GMOs should be banned or labelled, whether such food is safe, and whether GM crops are useful to address the world's food needs.

Critics have objected to GM crops per se on several grounds, including ecological concerns, and economic concerns raised by the fact these organisms are subject to intellectual property law.

When he asked Gerry Davis what legal options were available, Davis told him that intellectual property law for software was not clear enough to sue.

Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works ; discoveries and inventions ; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs.

Until recently, the purpose of intellectual property law was to give as little protection possible in order to encourage innovation.

Jewish law includes several considerations whose effects are similar to those of modern intellectual property laws, though the notion of intellectual creations as property does not seem to exist – notably the principle of Hasagat Ge ' vul ( unfair encroachment ) was used to justify limited-term publisher ( but not author ) copyright in the 16th century.

The stated objective of most intellectual property law ( with the exception of trademarks ) is to " Promote progress.

" This absolute protection or full value view treats intellectual property as another type of ' real ' property, typically adopting its law and rhetoric.

Other recent developments in intellectual property law, such as the America Invents Act, stress international harmonization.

Trademark law is not based in the intellectual property clause of the U. S. Constitution, and has distinct policy objectives which are not discussed here.

European intellectual property law is shaped by this notion that ideas are an " extension of oneself and of one ’ s personality ".

Other criticism of intellectual property law concerns the tendency of the protections of intellectual property to expand, both in duration and in scope.

In 2005 the RSA launched the Adelphi Charter, aimed at creating an international policy statement to frame how governments should make balanced intellectual property law.

* Nair, Manisha Singh ( 2006 ) " Laches and Acquiescence " in Indian intellectual property law

– Essay on phonograph technology and intellectual property law