The fact that the electric charges of electrons and protons seem to cancel each other exactly to extreme precision is essential for the existence of the macroscopic world as we know it, but this important property of elementary particles is not explained in the Standard Model of particle physics.

* Ion, in physics and chemistry, an atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge

Quarks are the only elementary particles in the Standard Model of particle physics to experience all four fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces ( electromagnetism, gravitation, strong interaction, and weak interaction ), as well as the only known particles whose electric charges are not integer multiples of the elementary charge.

Cooke and Wheatstone's electric telegraphThe more anecdotal version told in Göttingen observatory is that the first message was sent to notify Weber that the observatory's servant was on the way to the institute of physics, and just read " Michelmann kommt " (" Michelmann is on his way "), possibly as a test who would arrive first.

In physics and chemistry, the Faraday constant ( named after Michael Faraday ) is the magnitude of electric charge per mole of electrons.

Normally wave equations in physics can be derived from other physical laws-the wave equation for mechanical vibrations on strings and in matter can be derived from Newton's laws-where the analogue wavefunction is the displacement of matter, and electromagnetic waves from Maxwell's equations, where the wavefunctions are electric and magnetic fields.

In physics, Gauss's law, also known as Gauss's flux theorem, is a law relating the distribution of electric charge to the resulting electric field.

Electro-optics is often erroneously used as a synonym, but is in fact a wider branch of physics that deals with all interactions between light and electric fields, whether or not they form part of an electronic device.

Experimental bounds on the electron electric dipole moment also place limits on theories of particle physics and their parameters.

In solid-state physics, the opposite definitions are occasionally ( but not always ) used, where the chemical potential of an electron is by definition constant across a device in equilibrium ; while the electrochemical potential is equal to the chemical potential minus the local electric potential energy of an electron.

* The magnetic flux and electric flux in physics, with subscripts distinguishing the two.

In physics, the term solenoid refers to a long, thin loop of wire, often wrapped around a metallic core, which produces a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it.

In physics and electrical engineering, a conductor is a material which contains movable electric charges.

In physics, polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of electromagnetic waves with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation.

This is particularly useful in laser physics, where one is interested in the populations of different atomic states in a gas when a time-dependent electric field is applied.

Unlike in particle physics, there is an underlying positive charge — the charge of the ionic lattice — that cancels out the electric charge of the sea.

In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge.

Electrostatics is the branch of physics that deals with the phenomena and properties of stationary or slow-moving ( without acceleration ) electric charges.

Static electric generators, devices which produce very high voltage at very low current and used for classroom physics demonstrations, rely on this effect.

In particle physics, it occurs in a formula by Julian Schwinger, giving an exact result for the pair production rate of a Dirac electron in a uniform electric field.

Other equations in physics, such as Gauss's law of the electric field and Gauss's law for gravity, have a similar mathematical form to the continuity equation, but are not usually called by the term " continuity equation ", because j in those cases does not represent the flow of a real physical quantity.

Classical electromagnetism ( or classical electrodynamics ) is a branch of theoretical physics that studies consequences of the electromagnetic forces between electric charges and currents.

In particular, social sciences often develop statistical descriptions rather than the general laws derived in physics or chemistry, or they may explain individual cases through more general principles, as in many fields of psychology.

As with many scientific fields, strict delineation can be highly contrived and atomic physics is often considered in the wider context of atomic, molecular, and optical physics.

The majority of fields in physics can be divided between theoretical work and experimental work,

Ampère ’ s devotion to, and skill with, experimental techniques anchored his science within the emerging fields of experimental physics.

Analytic geometry is widely used in physics and engineering, and is the foundation of most modern fields of geometry, including algebraic, differential, discrete, and computational geometry.

* Atomic units, a system of units convenient for atomic physics and other fields

In experimental condensed matter physics, external magnetic fields act as thermodynamic variables that control the state, phase transitions and properties of material systems.

There is a great deal of overlap between different branches of chemistry, as well as with other scientific fields such as biology, medicine, physics, radiology, and several engineering disciplines.

The term is parallel to-ology in English, being used to construct the names of academic fields: the Chinese names of fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, political science, economics, and sociology all end in xué.

** Fractional dynamics, studies the dynamics with integrations and differentiations of fractional orders ( in physics, economics, and related fields )

Maxwell's Laws, which unify light, fields, and charge are one of the great milestones of theoretical physics.

In certain fields, such as plasma physics, it is convenient to use the electronvolt as a unit of temperature.

* Eve ( cryptography ), a placeholder name for an archetypal eavesdropper in fields such as cryptography and physics

His broad knowledge of many fields of physics was useful in solving problems that were of an interdisciplinary nature.

Most of the groups important in physics and chemistry are Lie groups, and their representation theory is crucial to the application of group theory in those fields.

The original operating principle was discovered in 1908 and Geiger counters remain popular instruments for use in radiation dosimetry, health physics, experimental physics, the nuclear industry, geological exploration and other fields, due to their robust sensing element and their relatively low cost.

Decisive scientific developments took place during the 16th and 17th centuries, especially in the fields of astronomy, mathematics and physics.

Elements of what became physics were drawn primarily from the fields of astronomy, optics, and mechanics, which were methodologically united through the study of geometry.

A unique opportunity for HMC students is the Clinic Program, which focuses primarily on projects in the fields of engineering, computer science, physics, and math.

IUPAC is best known for its works standardizing nomenclature in chemistry and other fields of science, but IUPAC has publications in many fields including chemistry, biology and physics.

While at General Electric, from 1909 – 1950, Langmuir advanced several basic fields of physics and chemistry, invented the gas-filled incandescent lamp, the hydrogen welding technique, and was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in surface chemistry.