Today the harmonized ISO / IEC 80000-13: 2008 – Quantities and units — Part 13: Information science and technology standard cancels and replaces subclauses 3. 8 and 3. 9 of IEC 60027-2: 2005, namely those related to Information theory and Prefixes for binary multiples.

Category: Information theory

Information theory involves the quantification of information.

Information theory also includes continuous topics such as: analog signals, analog coding, analog encryption.

* Information theory

An approach loosely based on Information theory uses a brain-as-computer model.

Information theory is a branch of applied mathematics, electrical engineering, and computer science involving the quantification of information.

Information theory was developed by Claude E. Shannon to find fundamental limits on signal processing operations such as compressing data and on reliably storing and communicating data.

Information theory, however, does not consider message importance or meaning, as these are matters of the quality of data rather than the quantity and readability of data, the latter of which is determined solely by probabilities.

Information theory is generally considered to have been founded in 1948 by Claude Shannon in his seminal work, " A Mathematical Theory of Communication ".

Information theory is closely associated with a collection of pure and applied disciplines that have been investigated and reduced to engineering practice under a variety of rubrics throughout the world over the past half century or more: adaptive systems, anticipatory systems, artificial intelligence, complex systems, complexity science, cybernetics, informatics, machine learning, along with systems sciences of many descriptions.

Information theory is a broad and deep mathematical theory, with equally broad and deep applications, amongst which is the vital field of coding theory.

Information theory is also used in information retrieval, intelligence gathering, gambling, statistics, and even in musical composition.

Information theory is based on probability theory and statistics.

This subset of Information theory is called rate – distortion theory.

Information theory leads us to believe it is much more difficult to keep secrets than it might first appear.

Information theory and digital signal processing offer a major improvement of resolution and image clarity over previous analog methods.

Information theory also has applications in gambling and investing, black holes, bioinformatics, and music.

The technique measures information quantity in terms of Information Entropy and usability in terms of the Small Worlds data transformation measure.

Mass deacidification is a term used in Library and Information Science for one possible measure against the degradation of paper in old books ( the so-called " slow fires ").

If Shannon entropy is viewed as a signed measure in the context of information diagrams, as explained in the article Information theory and measure theory, then the only definition of multivariate mutual information that makes sense is as follows:

Bruce R. Lewis, Terry Anthony Byrd, Development of a measure for the information technology infrastructure construct, European Journal of Information Systems, v. 12 n. 2, p. 93-109, June 2003

Ing-Long Wu, Jian-Liang Chen, A hybrid performance measure system for e-business investments in high-tech manufacturing: an empirical study, Information and Management, v. 43 n. 3, p. 364-377, April 2006

) A study conducted by students of the Information Science Department in Nara, Japan sought to measure how able memory is to augment.

An equivalent ( and more intuitive ) operational definition of the quantum conditional entropy ( as a measure of the quantum communication cost or surplus when performing quantum state merging ) was given by Michał Horodecki, Jonathan Oppenheim, and Andreas Winter in their paper " Quantum Information can be negative ".

* The MITPE ( Malaysia Information Technology Professional Examination ) is conducted to measure the competency level of IT professionals.

ACIP recommends that health-care administrators consider the level of vaccination coverage among health-care personnel ( HCP ) to be one measure of a patient safety quality program and implement policies to encourage HCP vaccination ( e. g., obtaining signed statements from HCP who decline influenza vaccination ) ( see Additional Information Regarding Vaccination of Specific Populations ).

Information as signal has been described as kind of negative measure of uncertainty It includes complete and scientific knowledge as special cases.

" Information quality " is a measure of the value which the information provides to the user of that information.

On September 24, 2005, China ’ s Ministry of Information, Industry and the State Council released regulations that ban the usage of sexually explicit content on the web, a measure which some analysts believe is aimed at bloggers.

This list could be expanded to include most fields of mathematics, including measure theory, ergodic theory, probability, representation theory, and differential geometry.

Occasionally, " almost all " is used in the sense of " almost everywhere " in measure theory, or in the closely related sense of " almost surely " in probability theory.

In algorithmic information theory ( a subfield of computer science ), the Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is a measure of the computational resources needed to specify the object.

In mathematics, specifically in measure theory, a Borel measure is defined as follows: let X be a locally compact Hausdorff space, and let be the smallest σ-algebra that contains the open sets of X ; this is known as the σ-algebra of Borel sets.

Category: Measures ( measure theory )

In Geometric measure theory such a smooth curve as the circle that can be approximated by small straight segments with a definite limit is termed a rectifiable curve.

This is totally spurious, since no matter who measured first the other will measure the opposite spin despite the fact that ( in theory ) the other has a 50 % ' probability ' ( 50: 50 chance ) of measuring the same spin, unless data about the first spin measurement has somehow passed faster than light ( of course TI gets around the light speed limit by having information travel backwards in time instead ).

Other major critiques are that the term is not defined well, and employs further terms that are not defined well, and therefore lacks explanatory power, that cultural imperialism is hard to measure, and that the theory of a legacy of colonialism is not always true.

The field of recursion theory, meanwhile, categorizes undecidable decision problems by Turing degree, which is a measure of the noncomputability inherent in any solution.

Null set was once a common synonym for " empty set ", but is now a technical term in measure theory.

Felix Hausdorff ( November 8, 1868 – January 26, 1942 ) was a German mathematician who is considered to be one of the founders of modern topology and who contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, function theory, and functional analysis.

An important part of functional analysis is the extension of the theory of measure, integration, and probability to infinite dimensional spaces, also known as infinite dimensional analysis.

Graph theory is also widely used in sociology as a way, for example, to measure actors ' prestige or to explore diffusion mechanisms, notably through the use of social network analysis software.

In information theory, entropy is a measure of the uncertainty associated with a random variable.

In probability theory and statistics, kurtosis ( from the Greek word κυρτός, kyrtos or kurtos, meaning bulging ) is any measure of the " peakedness " of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable.

* Lambda denotes the Lebesgue measure in mathematical set theory.