* Intel 8051

51-FORTH is an implementation of the Forth programming language for the Intel 8051 microcontroller.

The Intel MCS-51 ( commonly referred to as 8051 ) is a Harvard architecture, single chip microcontroller ( µC ) series which was developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems .< ref > John Wharton: An Introduction to the Intel MCS-51 < sup > TM </ sup > Single-Chip Microcomputer Family, Application Note AP-69, May 1980, Intel Corporation .</ ref >< ref > John Wharton: Using the Intel MCS-51 < sup > TM </ sup > Boolean Processing Capabilities, Application Note AP-70, May 1980, Intel Corporation .</ ref > Intel's original versions were popular in the 1980s and early 1990s.

The 8031 was a cut down version of the original Intel 8051 that did not contain any internal program memory ( ROM ).

Intel discontinued its MCS-51 product line in March 2007, however there are plenty of enhanced 8051 products or silicon intellectual property added regularly from other vendors.

The original Intel 8051 ran at 12 clock cycles per machine cycle, and most instructions executed in one or two machine cycles.

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In 1980, after promising to deliver IBM a Disk Operating System ( DOS ) they had not yet developed for the Intel 8088-based IBM PC, Allen spearheaded a deal for Microsoft to purchase a Quick and Dirty Operating System ( QDOS ) written by Tim Paterson who, at the time, was employed at Seattle Computer Products.

* 1980 – Ethernet specifications are published by Xerox working with Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation.

* UPI-41A User's Manual, Intel 1980, Order number 9800504-02 Rev.

* Johan Beaston, Jim Kahn: An 8741A / 8041A Digital Cassette Controller, Application Note AP-90, May 1980, Intel Corporation.

The original compiler, written in Small-C for the Intel 8080 by Ron Cain, appeared in the May 1980 issue of Dr. Dobb's Journal.

Then, in 1980, Digital, Intel and Xerox ( the DIX consortium ) published an open standard for Ethernet that was soon adopted as the basis of standardization by the IEEE and the ISO.

* A 2005 survey conducted by Intel ranked the university at 56th in its top-100 " Most Unwired Colleges " list, just behind Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, and ahead of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

| 18992 Katharvard || || Katherine Harvard, 2003 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair ( ISEF ) winner †

In the late 1990s, under Project Monterey, IBM and the Santa Cruz Operation planned to integrate AIX and UnixWare into a single 32-bit / 64-bit multiplatform UNIX with particular emphasis on running on Intel IA-64 ( Itanium ) architecture CPUs.

Several Intel CPUs in the x86 architecture family have writable microcode.

In this market, the Intel IA-32 architecture dominates, with its rivals PowerPC and SPARC maintaining much smaller customer bases.

These architectures range from the Intel / AMD 32-bit / 64-bit architectures commonly found in personal computers to the ARM architecture commonly found in embedded systems and the IBM eServer zSeries mainframes.

Compaq, already an Intel customer, decided to phase out Alpha in favor of the forthcoming Hewlett-Packard / Intel Itanium architecture, and sold all Alpha intellectual property to Intel in 2001, effectively killing the product.

IA-32 ( Intel Architecture, 32-bit ), also known as x86-32, i386 or x86, is the CISC instruction-set architecture of Intel's most commercially successful microprocessors, and was first implemented in the Intel 80386 as a 32-bit extension of x86 architecture.

The processor was a significant evolution in the x86 architecture, and extended a long line of processors that stretched back to the Intel 8008.

Itanium ( ) is a family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture ( formerly called IA-64 ).

The architecture originated at Hewlett-Packard ( HP ), and was later jointly developed by HP and Intel.

Although remaining in development, and having attained a limited success in the niche of high-end computing, Intel had originally hoped to make Itanium a replacement for the original x86 architecture.

AMD chose a different direction, designing the less radical x86-64, a 64-bit extension to the existing x86 architecture, which Microsoft then supported, forcing Intel to introduce the same extension in its own x86-based processors.

HP believed that it was no longer cost-effective for individual enterprise systems companies such as itself to develop proprietary microprocessors, so it partnered with Intel in 1994 to develop the IA-64 architecture, derived from EPIC.

Intel repositioned Itanium to focus on high-end business and HPC computing, attempting to duplicate x86's successful " horizontal " market ( i. e., single architecture, multiple systems vendors ).

CPU sockets on the motherboard can most often be found in most desktop and server computers ( laptops typically use surface mount CPUs ), particularly those based on the Intel x86 architecture.

There was speculation in the early 1990s that MIPS and other powerful RISC processors would overtake the Intel IA32 architecture.

Nortel has since changed the architecture to use Intel processors.

Snow Leopard only supports machines with Intel CPUs, requires at least 1 GB of RAM, and drops default support for applications built for the PowerPC architecture ( Rosetta can be installed as an additional component to retain support for PowerPC-only applications ).

Parallels has become popular for its ability to run Windows as a guest under Mac OS X on the Apple – Intel architecture.

Virtual memory was introduced to the x86 architecture with the protected mode of the Intel 80286 processor, but its segment swapping technique scaled poorly to larger segment sizes.