By the crusader period, a cistern under the former basilica was rumoured to have been the location that Helena had found the True Cross, and began to be venerated as such ; although the cistern later became the Chapel of the Invention of the Cross, there is no evidence for the rumour prior to the 11th century, and modern archaeological investigation has now dated the cistern to the 11th century repairs by Monomachos.

* The Invention of False Medieval Authorities as a Literary Device in Popular Fiction by Gwendolyn A. Morgan.

" Fighting by the Rules: The Invention of the Hoplite Agôn ", Hesperia, Vol.

* " A History of Technology and Invention " by Maurice Audin, page 630.

Earlier, the guilds of writers had denounced the printing press as " the Devil's Invention ", and were responsible for a 53-year lag between its invention by Johannes Gutenberg in Europe in c. 1440 and its introduction to the Ottoman society with the first Gutenberg press in Istanbul that was established by the Sephardic Jews of Spain in 1493 ( who had migrated to the Ottoman Empire a year earlier, escaping from the Spanish Inquisition of 1492.

The Invention of Scotland ( 2008 ) by Hugh Trevor-Roper conclusively follows the evolution of Macpherson's version ( s ) and the work's early support by some Scottish intellectuals.

The patent was issued in 1998 and is now owned by Open Invention Network ( OIN ).

* Atlanta Rising: The Invention of an International City 1946 – 1996 by Frederick Allen ( Longstreet Press, 1996 ) ISBN 1-56352-296-9

* Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human by Harold Bloom ( ISBN 978-1573227513 )

* August 13 – Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield

* Invention of the saxophone by Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax.

* Invention of the musical instrument hydraulis, the precursory to the Pipe organ by Ctesibius, a Greek engineer working in Alexandria.

* Timeline for Invention in the Arts for a detailed list of inventions by date

Among his many other wide-ranging non-fiction works were The Great Monkey Trial ( about the Scopes Trial ), The Ragged Edge of Science, Energy and Power, The Heroic Age of American Invention, The Day of the Dinosaur ( which argued, among other things, that evolution took hold after Darwin because of the Victorian interest spurred by recently popularized dinosaur remains, corresponding to legends of dragons ), and The Evolution of Naval Weapons ( a U. S. government textbook ).

" The author also mentions the Quakers ' objection to the treat, " who distinguish their Feasts by an heretical Sort of Pudding, known by their Names, and inveigh against Christmas Pye, as an Invention of the Scarlet Whore of Babylon, an Hodge-Podge of Superstition, Popery, the Devil and all his Works.

* A song by Scottish band Biffy Clyro is titled Joy. Discovery. Invention.

The Genius of China: 3, 000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention, 3rd edition, introduction by Joseph Needham.

After his death in 1715 Savery's patent and Act of Parliament became vested in a company, The Proprietors of the Invention for Raising Water by Fire.

* 2737 BC: Invention of tea as a beverage by Shennong, according to a Chinese legend.

The writer will again be Stoppard and he will be joined by director Jack O ' Brien and designer Bob Crowley, who worked with Stoppard on his Coast of Utopia trilogy and The Invention of Love.

The device was named by Time Magazine as a " Best Invention of 2002.

* Leick, Gwendolyn ( 2002 ): Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City.

* Invention of the Meteorological Instruments, W. E.

Housman is the main character in the 1997 Tom Stoppard play The Invention of Love.

Stealing God's Thunder: Benjamin Franklin's Lightning Rod and the Invention of America.

* Fehling, D. Herodotus and His " Sources ": Citation, Invention, and Narrative Art.

Guest appeared in the 2009 comedy The Invention of Lying.

Tolkien and the Invention of Myth: A Reader.

* Chapel of the Invention of the Holy Cross-another set of 22 stairs from the Chapel of Saint Helena leads down to the Roman Catholic Chapel of the Invention of the Holy Cross believed to be the place where the True Cross was found.

The Invention of Tradition.

In a period of convalescence during 1793 – 1794, Goya completed a set of eleven small pictures painted on tin ; known as Fantasy and Invention, they mark a significant change in his art.

; Forgotten Futures IX: It's My Own Invention: Adventures in the worlds of weird science and engineering.

In 1934, she earned a Ph. D. in mathematics from Yale under the direction of Øystein Ore .< ref > Though some books, including Kurt Beyer's Grace Hopper and the Invention of the Information Age, reported that Hopper was the first woman to earn a Yale PhD in mathematics, the first of ten women prior to 1934 was Charlotte Cynthia Barnum ( 1860-1934 ).

Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human.

In 1913, he founded a similar magazine, The Electrical Experimenter, which became Science and Invention in 1920.

From his peers he developed a taste for counterculture: he and his friends would steal the records and books of their older siblings – William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, Mothers of Invention.

His Purtraits remind the Spectator of the Invention of History, and the amenity of Landscape.

It is noted as the first battle in history won by small arms fire using gunpowder.

The Parthenon, which was being used as a gunpowder magazine, was hit by artillery fire and severely damaged.

In the wake of the 11 July dismissal of Jacques Necker, the people of Paris, fearful that they and their representatives would be attacked by the royal military, and seeking to gain ammunition and gunpowder for the general populace, stormed the Bastille, a fortress-prison in Paris which had often held people jailed on the basis of lettres de cachet, arbitrary royal indictments that could not be appealed.

After the shock of the Battle of Adrianople in 378, in which the emperor Valens with the flower of the Roman armies was destroyed by the Visigoths within a few days ' march, the city looked to its defences, and in 413 – 414, Theodosius II built the 18-meter ( 60-foot )- tall triple-wall fortifications, which were never to be breached until the coming of gunpowder.

Crossbows were eventually replaced in warfare by more powerful gunpowder weapons, although early guns had slower rates of fire and much worse accuracy than contemporary crossbows.

The invention of the cannon, driven by gunpowder, was first developed in China.

* Dachau Concentration Camp memorial Site: Dachau is best known for its proximity to the relatively well-preserved site of the infamous Dachau concentration camp, the first large-scale concentration camp in Germany, converted from an old gunpowder factory by the Nazi regime in 1933.

Driven by gunpowder, this, the simplest form of internal combustion engine was unable to deliver sustained power, but was useful for propelling weaponry at high speeds towards enemies in battle and for fireworks.

( Note, however, that the term " powder magazine ", a store for gunpowder, as e. g. in the town of Williamsburg, Virginia, restored to its colonial form, would be well understood by current English speakers, though recognized as an archaicism.

The original predecessor of all firearms, the Chinese fire lance and European hand cannon were loaded with gunpowder and the shot ( initially lead shot, later replaced by cast iron ) through the muzzle, while a fuse was placed at the rear.

The spark used to ignite the gunpowder in the touch hole was supplied by a sharpened piece of flint clamped in the jaws of a " cock " which, when released by the trigger, struck a piece of steel called the " frizzen " to create the necessary sparks.

With the percussion cap mechanism, the small primer charge of gunpowder used in all preceding small arms was replaced by a completely self-contained explosive charge contained in a small brass " cap ".

The brass cartridge also opened the way for modern repeating arms, by uniting the bullet, gunpowder and primer into one assembly that could be fed reliably into the breech by a mechanical action in the firearm.

In cartridge-firing firearms, a hammer ( or a firing pin struck by the hammer ) strikes the cartridge primer, which then ignites the gunpowder within.

Often enough, the first records potentially describing use of gunpowder in warfare were written several centuries after the fact, and may well have been colored by the contemporary experiences of the chronicler.

Early writings potentially mentioning gunpowder are sometimes marked by a linguistic process where old words acquired new meanings.

The first mention of a mixture resembling gunpowder appeared in Taishang Shengzu Danjing Mijue by Qing Xuzi ( c. 808 ); it describes mixing six parts sulfur to six parts saltpeter to one part birthwort

The Essentials was however written by a Song Dynasty court bureaucrat, and there's little evidence that it had any immediate impact on warfare ; there is no mention of gunpowder use in the chronicles of the wars against the Tanguts in the eleventh century, and China was otherwise mostly at peace during this century.

The Arabs acquired knowledge of gunpowder some time between 1240 and 1280, by which time Hasan al-Rammah had written, in Arabic, recipes for gunpowder, instructions for the purification of saltpeter, and descriptions of gunpowder incendiaries.

However, because al-Rammah attributes his material to " his father and forefathers ", al-Hassan argues that gunpowder became prevalent in Syria and Egypt by " the end of the twelfth century or the beginning of the thirteenth ".

Several sources mention Chinese firearms and gunpowder weapons being deployed by the Mongols against European forces at the Battle of Mohi in 1241.