The problem is sometimes known as season cracking after it was first discovered in brass cartridge cases used for rifle ammunition during the 1920s in the Indian Army.

Some common examples are the high electrical conductivity of pure copper, the excellent deep drawing qualities of cartridge case brass, the low-friction properties of bearing bronze, the resonant qualities of bell bronze, and the resistance to corrosion by sea water of several bronze alloys.

A major innovation in small arms and light artillery came in the second half of the 19th century when ammunition, previously delivered as separate bullets and powder, was combined in a single metallic ( usually brass ) cartridge containing a percussion cap, powder, and a bullet in one weatherproof package.

The main technical advantage of the brass cartridge case was the effective and reliable sealing of high pressure gasses at the breech, as the gas pressure forces the cartridge case to expand outward, pressing it firmly against the inside of the gun barrel chamber.

After 1861, new brass cartridges similar to modern cartridges replaced the paper cartridge, but Gatling did not switch to them immediately.

Eventually, this will show as a bright ring near the base of the cartridge, just in front of the thick web of brass at the base.

Annealing brass to make it softer and less brittle is fairly easy, but annealing cartridge cases is a more complex matter.

Throughout the 1970s, the Army experimented with various materials to replace brass in cartridge casings.

The problem of proper seal creation had been solved with the use of brass cartridge cases, which expanded in an elastic fashion at the point of firing and effectively sealed the breech while the pressure remained high, then relaxed back enough to allow for easy removal.

While a flintlock, for example, is immediately ready to reload once it has been fired, adopting brass cartridge cases brought in the problems of extraction and ejection.

A small percussion cap was placed in the middle of the base of the cartridge, and was ignited by means of a brass pin projecting from the side and struck by the hammer.

( From Left to Right ): A. 577 Snider cartridge ( 1867 ), a. 577 / 450 Martini-Henry cartridge ( 1871 ), a later drawn brass. 577 / 450 Martini-Henry cartridge, and a. 303 British Mk VII SAA Ball cartridge.

The original Eley-Boxer cartridge case was made of thin-coiled brass — occasionally these cartridges could break apart and jam the breech with the unwound remains of the casing upon firing.

On used bolt-action firearms, especially, the headspace should be checked with headspace gauges prior to shooting to ensure it is correct, and to prevent over-stressing chambers and cartridge brass.

* The Morse Carbine: The mostly brass action is somewhat like Hall rifle, except it was designed to take a special centerfire cartridge.

In order to correct this problem the Chassepot was replaced in 1874 by the Gras rifle which used a centerfire drawn brass metallic cartridge.

The quickest way to identify the different cartridge is that the Balle D bullet is brass colored while the Balle N is a shiny silver.

The story explains that the cowboys of the Old West would trade a cartridge ( bullet plus powder and primer encased in brass ) for a small amount of alcohol.

The current version of the 45 Colt differs from the original cartridge case in that the rim is significantly larger ( with a groove immediately above it ) and the internal aspect of the primer pocket is surrounded by solid brass instead of protruding into the powder chamber.

Berdan's solution was to change to brass shells, and to further modify the process of installing the primer cap into the cartridge, as noted in his second Berdan Primer patent of September 29, 1869, in.

Even though the saxophone is classified as a woodwind instrument and the harmonica is a free reed aerophone, both are also often made from brass.

Antimicrobial tests have also revealed significant reductions of MRSA as well as two strains of epidemic MRSA ( EMRSA-1 and EMRSA-16 ) on brass ( C24000 with 80 % Cu ) at room temperature ( 22 ° C ) within three hours.

* Alpha-beta brass ( Muntz metal ), also called duplex brass, is 35 – 45 % zinc and is suited for hot working.

Red brass is also an alternative name for copper alloy C23000, which is composed of 14 – 16 % zinc, 0. 05 % iron and lead, and the remainder copper.

* Tonval brass ( also called CW617N or CZ122 or OT58 ) is a copper-lead-zinc alloy.

By the first century BC brass was available in sufficient supply to use as coinage in Phrygia and Bithynia, and after the Augustan currency reform of 23 BC it was also used to make Roman dupondii and sestertii.

Zinc metal was also becoming more commonplace By 1513 metallic zinc ingots from India and China were arriving in London and pellets of zinc condensed in furnace flues at the Rammelsberg in Germany were exploited for cementation brass making from around 1550.

After several false starts during the 16th and 17th centuries the brass industry was also established in England taking advantage of abundant supplies of cheap copper smelted in the new coal fired reverberatory furnace.

This family includes all of the modern brass instruments except the trombone: the trumpet, horn ( also called the French horn ), euphonium, and tuba, as well as the cornet, flügelhorn, tenor horn ( alto horn ), baritone horn, sousaphone, mellophone, and the old saxhorn.

Machine-stamped tags were also made of brass or lead with a hole and usually had ( on one side ) an eagle or shield and such phrases as " War for the Union " or " Liberty, Union, and Equality ".

In 1691, an article in the London Gazette mentioned John Lofting, who held a patent for a fire engine: " The said patentee has also projected a very useful engine for starting of beer, and other liquors which will draw from 20 to 30 barrels an hour, which are completely fixed with brass joints and screws at reasonable rates ".

The flugelhorn (— also spelled fluegelhorn, flugel horn, or flügelhorn — from German, wing horn, ) is a brass instrument that resembles a trumpet but has a wider, conical bore.

It usually has three piston valves and employs the same fingering system as other brass instruments, but four piston valve and rotary valve variants also exist.

Arbenz together with Arévalo further promoted the progressive social change that characterized the latter's presidency, clearing much of the old restrictions on political parties and labour unions, while also purging the army brass of its remaining pro-Arana officers — one of whom was Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas ; a man who would play a major role in Guatemalan politics in the coming years.

There stood there also a brass bronze tube and from it flew much fire against one ship, and it burned up in a short time so that all of it became white ashes ..."

Steel and aluminum cases do not have the correct qualities for reloading, so a brass case is essential ( although nickel plated brass cases, while not as reformable as plain brass, can also be reloaded )

In the military ( and also the Police and GSU ), there is a virtual monopoly of President Moi ’ s ethnic group, the Kalenjin, in the top brass.

Beginning in 2007, some loonie blanks also began to be produced with a cyanide-free brass plating process.

However, brass is also dense and expensive, so replacing it could lower both the cost and weight of the ammunition.

Many other materials also serve to make decorated nutcrackers, such as porcelain, silver, and brass ; the museum displays samples.

The third horn in the " Eroica " Symphony arrives to provide not only some harmonic flexibility, but also the effect of " choral " brass in the Trio.