Isotopes that are lighter than the stable < sup > 123 </ sup > Sb tend to decay by β < sup >+</ sup > decay, and those that are heavier tend to decay by β < sup >-</ sup > decay, with some exceptions.

The two groups are Emanuel Maxwell, who published his results in Isotope Effect in the Superconductivity of Mercury and C. A. Reynolds, B. Serin, W. H. Wright, and L. B. Nesbitt who published their results 10 pages later in Superconductivity of Isotopes of Mercury.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element ( that is, with the same number of protons in their atomic nucleus ), but having different numbers of neutrons.

Isotopes are distinguished by the atomic mass number ( total protons and neutrons ) for a particular isotope of an element, with this number combined with the pertinent element's symbol.

The least stable is < sup > 138 </ sup > Dy with a half-life of 200 ms. Isotopes that are lighter than the stable isotopes tend to decay primarily by β < sup >+</ sup > decay, while those that are heavier tend to decay by β < sup >−</ sup > decay, with some exceptions.

Isotopes of other elements are not so great a problem as they can be removed by chemical means.

Isotopes of unbinilium are predicted to have alpha decay half-lives of the order of microseconds.

The Albuquerque Isotopes are a minor league baseball team based in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Isotopes are often preferentially absorbed by biologically active tissue in the body, and can be used to identify tumors or fracture points in bone.

Isotopes with gaseous precursors solidify on the surface of the particles as they are produced by decay.

Isotopes and Mass-spectra and Isotopes are his most well-known books.

The other divisions and technical groups are: Accelerator Applications, Aerospace Nuclear Science & Technology Technical Group, Biology and Medicine, Computational Medical Physics Working Group, Decommissioning, Decontamination & Reutilization, Education and Training, Environmental Sciences, Fuel Cycle and Waste Management ; Fusion Energy ; Human Factors ; Isotopes and Radiation ; Materials Science and Technology ; Mathematics and Computation, Nuclear Criticality Safety ; Nuclear Installations Safety, Operations and Power ; Radiation Protection and Shielding ; Reactor Physics ; Robotics and Remote Systems ; and Thermal hydraulics.

The owner refuses to give Homer a refund, but in his haste to leave Homer accidentally enters a room and discovers evidence that the Isotopes are moving to Albuquerque.

The crowd then takes notice that the hot dogs are even wrapped with " Albuquerque Isotopes " paper and are enraged.

Months later, he enters Moe's Tavern and is informed by Lenny and Carl that the Isotopes are in the playoffs, and have, so far, been playing well.

Isotopes are forms of the same element that have variable numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

Isotopes of samarium are used in samarium-neodymium dating for determining the age relationships of rocks and meteorites.

Isotopes were then explained as elements with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons within the nucleus.

* Isotopes: The kinetic isotope effect consists in a different reaction rate for the same molecule if it has different isotopes, usually hydrogen isotopes, because of the mass difference between hydrogen and deuterium.

Isotopes with a mass number above 64 decay by β < sup >-</ sup >, whereas those with a mass number below 64 decay by β < sup >+</ sup >.

" The " Isotopes " name is appropriate, since New Mexico has a number of well-known scientific / military facilities dealing with nuclear technology, such as Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, and the Waste Isolation Pilot Project ( WIPP ), as well as hosting the Trinity test.

Isotopes of a chemical element differ only in the mass number.

* – Mitch Jones ( Albuquerque Isotopes ; AAA ; Pacific Coast League )

In his fourth appearance out of the bullpen, he allowed eight runs ( seven earned ) over 3 innings ; the Marlins optioned him to the Triple-A Albuquerque Isotopes on May 14.

* Nuclides and Isotopes – 14th Edition, GE Nuclear Energy, 1989.

Isotopes of bohrium have also been detected in the decay of heavier elements.

Isotopes with atomic masses lower than the most abundant stable isotope, < sup > 158 </ sup > Gd, primarily decay via electron capture to Eu ( europium ) isotopes.

Isotopes heavier than < sup > 62 </ sup > Ni cannot be formed by nuclear fusion without losing energy.

Isotopes of silver range in relative atomic mass from 93. 943 (< sup > 94 </ sup > Ag ) to 126. 936 (< sup > 127 </ sup > Ag ); the primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, < sup > 107 </ sup > Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay.

* USGS ( 2004 ) Resources on Isotopes: Strontium, http :// wwwrcamnl. wr. usgs. gov / isoig / period / sr_iig. html Accessed February 20, 2006.

In theory it can occur only in nuclei somewhat heavier than nickel ( element 28 ), where overall binding energy per nucleon is no longer a minimum, and the nuclides are therefore unstable toward spontaneous fission-type processes.

The nuclides of stable and radioactive elements are also available as a list of nuclides, sorted by length of half-life for those that are unstable.

Hydrogen-1 and helium-3 are the only stable nuclides in existence that contain more protons than they have neutrons.

< sup > 21 </ sup > Ne and < sup > 22 </ sup > Ne are partly primordial and partly nucleogenic ( i. e., made by nuclear reactions of other nuclides with neutrons or other particles in the environment ) and their variations in natural abundance are well understood.

Instead, nuclides are studied within nuclear physics, which studies nucleons and their interactions by approximations and models, such as the nuclear shell model.

Some nuclides are inherently unstable.

Even though some nuclides that decay by the process of electron capture, such as beryllium-7, strontium-85, and zirconium-89, are not fully suitable for radiometric dating because their decay rate may be slightly affected by local electron density, in general, the half-life of a nuclide depends solely on its nuclear properties and is essentially a constant.

Even the number of long-lived radionuclides is uncertain ( to a lesser degree ), because many " stable " nuclides are calculated to have half-lives so long that their decay has not been experimentally measured.

The total list of nuclides contains 90 nuclides that are theoretically stable, and 255 total stable nuclides that have not been observed to decay.

Including artificially produced nuclides, more than 3300 nuclides are known ( including ~ 3000 radionuclides ), many of which (> ~ 2400 ) have decay half-lives shorter than 60 minutes.

Radionuclides of familiar elements such as carbon can serve as tracers because they are chemically very similar to the non-radioactive nuclides, so most chemical, biological, and ecological processes treat them in a near identical way.

Orange and blue nuclides are unstable, with the black squares between these regions representing stable nuclides.

Only 90 nuclides from the first 40 elements are energetically stable to any kind of decay save proton decay, in theory ( see list of nuclides ).

An additional 163 are theoretically unstable to known types of decay, but no evidence of decay has ever been observed, for a total of 253 nuclides for which there is no evidence of radioactivity.

By this definition, there are 253 known stable nuclides of the 80 elements which have one or more stable isotopes.

Most naturally occurring nuclides are stable ( about 253 ; see list at the end of this article ); and about 35 more ( total of 288 ) are known radioactives with sufficiently long half-lives ( also known ) to occur " primordially.