Isotopes that are lighter than the stable < sup > 123 </ sup > Sb tend to decay by β < sup >+</ sup > decay, and those that are heavier tend to decay by β < sup >-</ sup > decay, with some exceptions.

The two groups are Emanuel Maxwell, who published his results in Isotope Effect in the Superconductivity of Mercury and C. A. Reynolds, B. Serin, W. H. Wright, and L. B. Nesbitt who published their results 10 pages later in Superconductivity of Isotopes of Mercury.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element ( that is, with the same number of protons in their atomic nucleus ), but having different numbers of neutrons.

Isotopes are distinguished by the atomic mass number ( total protons and neutrons ) for a particular isotope of an element, with this number combined with the pertinent element's symbol.

The least stable is < sup > 138 </ sup > Dy with a half-life of 200 ms. Isotopes that are lighter than the stable isotopes tend to decay primarily by β < sup >+</ sup > decay, while those that are heavier tend to decay by β < sup >−</ sup > decay, with some exceptions.

Isotopes of other elements are not so great a problem as they can be removed by chemical means.

The Albuquerque Isotopes are a minor league baseball team based in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Isotopes are often preferentially absorbed by biologically active tissue in the body, and can be used to identify tumors or fracture points in bone.

Isotopes with gaseous precursors solidify on the surface of the particles as they are produced by decay.

Isotopes and Mass-spectra and Isotopes are his most well-known books.

* Isotopes are nuclides having the same number of protons ; e. g. carbon-12 and carbon-13.

The other divisions and technical groups are: Accelerator Applications, Aerospace Nuclear Science & Technology Technical Group, Biology and Medicine, Computational Medical Physics Working Group, Decommissioning, Decontamination & Reutilization, Education and Training, Environmental Sciences, Fuel Cycle and Waste Management ; Fusion Energy ; Human Factors ; Isotopes and Radiation ; Materials Science and Technology ; Mathematics and Computation, Nuclear Criticality Safety ; Nuclear Installations Safety, Operations and Power ; Radiation Protection and Shielding ; Reactor Physics ; Robotics and Remote Systems ; and Thermal hydraulics.

The owner refuses to give Homer a refund, but in his haste to leave Homer accidentally enters a room and discovers evidence that the Isotopes are moving to Albuquerque.

The crowd then takes notice that the hot dogs are even wrapped with " Albuquerque Isotopes " paper and are enraged.

Months later, he enters Moe's Tavern and is informed by Lenny and Carl that the Isotopes are in the playoffs, and have, so far, been playing well.

Isotopes are forms of the same element that have variable numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

Isotopes of samarium are used in samarium-neodymium dating for determining the age relationships of rocks and meteorites.

Isotopes of bohrium have also been detected in the decay of heavier elements.

The Marlins may have won the 2003 World Series, but up until playoff time, their Triple-A Albuquerque Isotopes franchise was outdrawing the major league club most nights of the week.

Isotopes with atomic masses lower than the most abundant stable isotope, < sup > 158 </ sup > Gd, primarily decay via electron capture to Eu ( europium ) isotopes.

Isotopes of silver range in relative atomic mass from 93. 943 (< sup > 94 </ sup > Ag ) to 126. 936 (< sup > 127 </ sup > Ag ); the primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, < sup > 107 </ sup > Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay.

Isotopes with a mass number above 64 decay by β < sup >-</ sup >, whereas those with a mass number below 64 decay by β < sup >+</ sup >.

Isotopes which undergo this decay and thereby emit positrons include carbon-11, potassium-40, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15, fluorine-18, and iodine-121.

Isotopes with significant branching of decay modes include copper-64, arsenic-74, rhodium-102, indium-112, iodine-126 and holmium-164.

* Nuclides and Isotopes – 14th Edition, GE Nuclear Energy, 1989.

Isotopes were then explained as elements with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons within the nucleus.

Isotopes heavier than < sup > 62 </ sup > Ni cannot be formed by nuclear fusion without losing energy.

* USGS ( 2004 ) Resources on Isotopes: Strontium, http :// wwwrcamnl. wr. usgs. gov / isoig / period / sr_iig. html Accessed February 20, 2006.

However, unbinilium may not be an alkaline earth metal due to relativistic effects, which are predicted to have a large influence on the chemical properties of superheavy elements.

Attempts to date to synthesize the element using fusion reactions at low excitation energy have met with failure, although there are reports that the fission of nuclei of unbinilium at very high excitation has been successfully measured, indicating a strong shell effect at Z = 120.

In a quantum tunneling model with mass estimates from a macroscopic-microscopic model, the alpha-decay half-lives of several isotopes of unbinilium ( namely, < sup > 292-304 </ sup > Ubn ) have been predicted to be around 1 – 20 microseconds.

Experiments have been conducted to attempt the synthesis of unbinilium ( Ubn ), which is likely to be the next member of the group, but they have all met with failure.

Following the success in obtaining ununoctium, the discoverers have started similar experiments in the hope of creating unbinilium ( element 120 ) from and.

Although unbinilium is expected to behave typically for an alkaline earth metal, showing a strong + 2 oxidation state, the energetic properties of its valence electrons would increase its ionization energies ; hence, unbinilium may have a lower metallic and ionic radius than expected, and may behave more similarly to calcium and strontium than barium or radium.

The necessary condition for synthesising the s-block elements of period 8, ununennium and unbinilium, is to have a sensitivity on the order of femtobarns, which is currently out of reach of even the most advanced facilities.

The results indicated that nuclei of unbinilium were produced at high (~ 70 MeV ) excitation energy which underwent fission with measurable half-lives > 10 < sup >− 18 </ sup > s. Although very short, the ability to measure such a process indicates a strong shell effect at Z = 120.

Since unbinilium should be placed below the alkaline earth metals it possibly has properties similar to those of radium or barium.

In March – April 2007, the synthesis of unbinilium was attempted at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions in Dubna by bombarding a plutonium-244 target with iron-58 ions.

, synthesis has been attempted for only ununennium, unbinilium, unbibium, unbiquadium, unbihexium, and unbiseptium.

In March – April 2007, the synthesis of unbinilium was attempted at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions in Dubna by bombarding a plutonium-244 target with iron-58 ions.

They predicted escalation, and escalation is what we are getting.

Experiments have been conducted to attempt the synthesis of ununennium ( Uue ), which is likely to be the next member of the group, but they have all met with failure .< ref name =" link "> However, ununennium may not be an alkali metal due to relativistic effects, which are predicted to have a large influence on the chemical properties of superheavy elements.

Theoretical calculations have predicted several argon compounds that should be stable, but for which no synthesis routes are currently known.

The earliest and most direct kinds of observational evidence are the Hubble-type expansion seen in the redshifts of galaxies, the detailed measurements of the cosmic microwave background, the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and today also the large scale distribution and apparent evolution of galaxies predicted to occur due to gravitational growth of structure in the standard theory.

Bioinformatics is very much involved in making sense of protein microarray and HT MS data ; the former approach faces similar problems as with microarrays targeted at mRNA, the latter involves the problem of matching large amounts of mass data against predicted masses from protein sequence databases, and the complicated statistical analysis of samples where multiple, but incomplete peptides from each protein are detected.

As a result, vegetation forms predicted by conventional biome systems are rarely observed across most of Earth's land surface.

Nanotori are predicted to have many unique properties, such as magnetic moments 1000 times larger than previously expected for certain specific radii.

While the press predicted the end of Corrie, H. V. Kershaw declared that " There are no stars in Coronation Street.

Organic light-emitting diode ( OLED ) monitors provide higher contrast and better viewing angles than LCDs, and are predicted to replace them.

On this view, talk about causal necessity is an expression of a functional change in the human mind, whereby certain events are predicted or anticipated on the basis of prior experience.

Some scientists have predicted that unless significant measures ( such as seeking out and protecting old growth forests that have not been disturbed ) are taken on a worldwide basis, by 2030 there will only be 10 % remaining, with another 10 % in a degraded condition.

Biogeographical patterns and range distributions are explained or predicted through knowledge of a species ' traits and niche requirements.

He predicted disastrous economic damage from any restrictions on fossil fuel use, and argued that the natural world and its weather patterns are complex and ill-understood, and that little is known about the dynamics of heat exchange from the oceans to the atmosphere, or the role of clouds.

In 1994 he compared model results to observed temperatures and found that the predicted temperatures for 1950 – 1980 deviated from the temperatures that had actually occurred, from which he concluded in his regular column in The Washington Times — with the headline that day " Climate Claims Wither under the Luminous Lights of Science "— that climate models are faulty.

The new particles predicted by models of grand unification cannot be observed directly at particle colliders because their masses are expected to be of the order of the so-called GUT scale, which is predicted to be just a few orders of magnitude below the Planck scale and thus far beyond the reach of currently foreseen collision experiments.

The burning of gunpowder does not take place as a single reaction, however, and the byproducts are not easily predicted.

Of class A GPCRs, over half of these are predicted to encode olfactory receptors while the remaining receptors are liganded by known endogenous compounds or are classified as orphan receptors.

When people are asked to make up a random-looking sequence of coin tosses, they tend to make sequences where the proportion of heads to tails stays closer to 0. 5 in any short segment than would be predicted by chance ( insensitivity to sample size ); Kahneman and Tversky interpret this to mean that people believe short sequences of random events should be representative of longer ones.

Various species are predicted to go extinct in the near future.

There are several important effects that are neglected by the Schrödinger equation and which are responsible for certain small but measurable deviations of the real spectral lines from the predicted ones: