* Alnus cordata — Italian alder, Italy

The Cathars were largely a homegrown, Western European / Latin Christian phenomenon, springing up in the Rhineland cities ( particularly Cologne ) in the mid-12th century, northern France around the same time, and particularly southern France — the Languedoc — and the northern Italian cities in the mid-late 12th century.

In contrast, Dante decided to write his epic, the Divine Comedy in Italian — a choice that defied the traditional epic choice of Latin dactylic hexameters — and produced a masterpiece beloved both then and now.

Following the decisive Ethiopian victory at Adwa, Menelik II rapidly negotiated a series of treaties fixing Ethiopia's boundaries — with French Somaliland in March 1897, British Somaliland a few months later in June 1897, with Italian Eritrea in 1900, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in 1902, British East Africa in 1907, and Italian Somaliland in 1908 — which simplified this problem on one level.

Describing Flanders as the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium is commonplace, although Jewish groups have been speaking Yiddish in Antwerp for centuries, and Flanders ' minority residents include 170 nationalities — their larger groups speaking French, Berber, Turkish, Arabic, Spanish, Italian and Polish.

In 288 BC, the Mamertines — a group of Italian ( Campanian ) mercenaries originally hired by Agathocles of Syracuse — occupied the city of Messana ( modern Messina ) in the northeastern tip of Sicily, killing all the men and taking the women as their wives.

In 1991 the performance of some Italian teams attracted attention-they had started using Agip's " jungle juice " Formula One fuel, worth an estimated 15 bhp — giving their drivers a significant advantage.

The Axis, too, believed that the capture of Egypt was imminent ; Italian leader Benito Mussolini — sensing an historic moment — flew to Libya to prepare for his triumphal entry to Cairo.

As the Axis forces dug in, Auchinleck — having drawn a number of German units to the coastal sector during the Tel el Eisa fighting — developed a plan — codenamed Operation Bacon — to attack the Italian Pavia and Brescia Divisions in the centre of the front at the Ruweisat ridge.

Two manuscripts are known to have existed, both dated to the late 16th century and written respectively in Italian and in Spanish — although the Spanish manuscript is now lost, its text surviving only in a partial 18th-century transcript.

The main difference between the text in the surviving Spanish copy and that in the Italian manuscript is that in the Spanish copy chapters 121 to 200 are noted as being missing in the exemplar — although it appears that these chapters had still been present in the Spanish original when it was first examined by George Sale.

The bridge itself rests on a soundboard, a thin panel of wood usually made of spruce, fir or — in some Italian harpsichords — cypress.

The present-day figure of about 4. 6 million foreign residents, that make up some 8 % of the total population, include more than half a million children born in Italy to foreign nationals — second generation immigrants, but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian nationality ; this applied to 53, 696 people in 2008.

It is the westernmost of the three major southern European peninsulas — the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas.

Turandot ( or ; ) is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini, set to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni.

* Adami, Stefano, ' Giuseppe Giusti ', in Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies, ed.

Philosophy and Mathematics: Urbanus Averroista, commentator of Averroes ; Andrew Zaini ( 1423 ); Paul Albertini ( 1475 ), better known as Paolo Veneto ; Philip Mucagatta ( 1511 ); John Baptist Drusiani ( 1656 ), the " Italian Archimedes "; Benedict Canali ( 1745 ); Raymond Adami ( 1792 ); Angelus Ventura ( 1738 ).

Il tabarro ( The Cloak ) is an opera in one act by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Giuseppe Adami, based on Didier Gold's play La houppelande.

La rondine ( The Swallow ) is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Giuseppe Adami, based on a libretto by Alfred Maria Willner and.

In questa reggia ( In this palace ) is an aria from Giacomo Puccini's opera Turandot set to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni.

Valerio Adami ( born 17 March 1935 ) is an Italian painter.

* 1858 – Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician ( d. 1932 )

* 1910 – Giuseppe Meazza, Italian footballer ( d. 1979 )

* 1902 – Giuseppe Pella, Italian politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Italy ( d. 1981 )

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Gerolamo Umberto Volta ( 18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827 ) was an Italian physicist known for the invention of the battery in the 1800s.

* 1932 – Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician ( b. 1858 )

* 2001 – Giuseppe Sinopoli, Italian conductor and composer ( b. 1946 )

The rebels, led by generals Bento Gonçalves da Silva and Antônio de Sousa Neto with the support of the Italian fighter Giuseppe Garibaldi, surrendered to imperial forces in 1845.

In that same year, Italian astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi discovered the dwarf planet Ceres.

* 1697 – Giuseppe de Majo, Italian composer and organist ( d. 1771 )

* 1907 – Giuseppe Occhialini, Italian physicist ( d. 1993 )

* 1993 – Giuseppe Occhialini, Italian physicist ( b. 1907 )

* 1963 – Giuseppe Bergomi, Italian footballer

* 1970 – Giuseppe Guerini, Italian cyclist

The remaining Italian troops under General Giuseppe Arimondi reached the unfinished Italian fort at Meqele.

Arimondi left there a small garrison of approximately 1, 150 askaris and 200 Italians, commanded by Major Giuseppe Galliano, and took the bulk of his troops to Adigrat, where Oreste Baratieri, the Italian commander, was concentrating the Italian Army.

Immediately after Rossini's death, Giuseppe Verdi proposed to collaborate with twelve other Italian composers on a Requiem for Rossini, to be performed on the first anniversary of Rossini's death, conducted by Angelo Mariani.

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (; 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901 ) was an Italian Romantic composer, mainly of opera.

Giuseppe Peano (; 27 August 1858 – 20 April 1932 ) was an Italian mathematician, whose work was of philosophical value.

Italian anti-organizationalist individualist anarchism was brought to the United States by Italian born individualists such as Giuseppe Ciancabilla and others who advocated for violent propaganda by the deed there.

These include Giuseppe De Nittis, an Italian artist living in Paris who participated in the first Impressionist exhibit at the invitation of Degas, although the other Impressionists disparaged his work.

* 1916 – Giuseppe Taddei, Italian opera singer ( d. 2010 )

* 1983 – Giuseppe De Feudis, Italian footballer