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* King Antiochus IV Epiphanes, believing Judea to be in revolt, returns to there after the failure of his Egyptian campaign and orders his soldiers to cut down without mercy those whom they meet and to slay those who have taken refuge in their houses.
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King and Antiochus
1 Maccabees, 1: 60 – 61 states that King Antiochus IV of Syria, the occupying power of Judea in 170 BCE, outlawed circumcision on penalty of death.
With the end of the Macedonian wars – which ran concurrently with the Punic Wars – and the defeat of the Seleucid King Antiochus III the Great in the Roman – Syrian War ( Treaty of Apamea, 188 BC ) in the eastern sea, Rome emerged as the dominant Mediterranean power and one of the most powerful cities in classical antiquity.
* Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12 BC – 17 AD
* Antiochus VII Sidetes, last King of a United Seleucid Empire
* Negotiations between the new Egyptian King Ptolemy IV and the Seleucid King Antiochus III collapse, and Antiochus III renews his advance, overrunning Ptolemy's forward defences.
* Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12 BC – 17 AD
* Battle of Ecbatana: The Seleucid King Antiochus VII Sidetes is defeated and killed by the Parthians under Phraates II, ending Seleucid control over Media or Mesopotamia.
* King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene builds his mountain-top tomb-sanctuary at Mount Nemrut.
* The King of the Parthians, Arsaces II, is attacked by the Seleucid king Antiochus III, who takes Hecatompylos ( southeast of the Caspian Sea ), the Arsacid capital and Syrinx in Hyrcania.
The Seleucids win the battle which allows Antiochus III to obtain entire possession of Palestine and Coele-Syria from King Ptolemy V of Egypt.
* Cleopatra I Syra, daughter of Antiochus III and Laodice, marries the Egyptian King Ptolemy V Epiphanes.
* Antiochus III gives his sister Antiochia in marriage to King Xerxes of Armenia, who acknowledges Antiochus III's suzerainty and pays him tribute.
* Artaxias I, King of Armenia, is taken captive by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes when he attacks Armenia.
* King Perseus asks the Seleucid King Antiochus IV to join forces with him against the danger that Rome presents to all of the Hellenic monarchs.
* King Seleucus IV of Syria arranges for the exchange of his brother Antiochus for Demetrius, the son of Seleucus VI, who has been a hostage in Rome following the Treaty of Apamea in 188 BC.
* Antiochus Hierax, brother of the Seleucid King Seleucus II manages to escape from captivity in Thrace and flees to the mountains to raise an army, but he is killed by a band of Galatians.
* King Attalus I Soter of Pergamum defeats Antiochus Hierax ( brother of the Seleucid king Seleucus II ) in three battles and thereby gains control over all the Seleucid domains in Anatolia except Cilicia in the southeast.
* The forces of the Macedonian King Antigonus II and the Seleucid King Antiochus II win a naval victory at Cos against their common enemy, Ptolemy II.
King and IV
* 1593 – Pierre Barrière fails in his attempt to assassinate King Henry IV of France.
Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to King William IV, the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for a freely settled British province in Australia.
King William Street, Adelaide | King William Street, named in honour of King William IV, looking south from North Terrace, Adelaide | North Terrace in 2006 before the extension of the tram line.
* 1503 – King James IV of Scotland marries Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII of England at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland.
* 1121 – Battle of Didgori: the Georgian army under King David IV wins a decisive victory over the famous Seljuk commander Ilghazi.
* 1572 – Marriage in Paris, France of the Huguenot King Henry IV of Navarre to Margaret of Valois, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics.
His mother was Sophia, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, and his wife Elisabeth of Austria.
Alexander was born as son of the King Casimir IV Jagiellon of Poland and Elisabeth Habsburg of Hungary, daughter of the King Albert of Hungary.
During this time, Alexios was rumored to be the lover of Empress Maria of Alania, the daughter of King Bagrat IV of Georgia, who had been successively married to Michael VII Doukas and his successor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, renowned for her beauty.
Afonso IV (; 8 February 1291 – 28 May 1357 ), called the Brave (), was King of Portugal and the Algarve from 1325 until his death.
In 1309, Afonso IV married Infanta Beatrice of Castile, daughter of King Sancho IV of Castile by his wife Maria de Molina.
Afonso married Beatrice of Castile ( 1293 – 1359 ) in 1309, daughter of Sancho IV, King of Castile, and María de Molina and had four sons and three daughters.
In 1474, King Henry IV of Castile died without a male heir.
Alfonso IV, called the Kind ( also the Gentle or the Nice, ) ( 1299, Naples – 24 January 1336 ) was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona ( as Alfonso III ) from 1327 to his death.
Alfonso the Magnanimous KG ( also Alphonso ; ; 1396 – 27 June 1458 ) was the King of Aragon ( as Alfonso V ), Valencia ( as Alfonso III ), Majorca, Sardinia and Corsica ( as Alfonso II ), and Sicily and Count of Barcelona ( as Alfonso IV ) from 1416 and King of Naples ( as Alfonso I ) from 1442 until his death.
This solution was opposed by the new pope, Eugene IV, who was nominal feudal lord of the King of Naples.
* Alfonso of Castile, Prince of Asturias, figurehead of rebelling magnates against his brother King Henry IV of Castile.
In 1223, the junior King Béla IV took back his wife and escaped to Austria fearing of Andrew's anger.
The junior King Béla IV started, with the authorization of Pope Honorius III, to take back the royal domains in his provinces that Andrew had granted to his partisans during the first half of his reign.
King and Epiphanes
* Arsinoe III, wife and sister of King Ptolemy IV gives birth to the future Ptolemy V Epiphanes.
* Queen Cleopatra I is appointed Vizier ( Chief Minister ) to the King Ptolemy V Epiphanes.
Following the conquest of Judea by Alexander the Great, it became part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt until 200 BCE, when King Antiochus III the Great of Syria defeated King Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt at the Battle of Panion.
King Antiochus Epiphanes of Syria, a Seleucid, disrupted whatever peace there had been in Judea when he desecrated the temple in Jerusalem and forced Jews to violate their laws.
* 175 BCE: Antiochus IV Epiphanes succeeds his father and becomes King of the Seleucid Empire.
It is believed that the concept of voluntary death for God developed out of the conflict between King Antiochus Epiphanes IV and the Jewish people.
The Commagene King Antiochus I Theos Epiphanes ( c. 86 BC-38 BC, ruled 70 BC-38 BC ) seems to have been connected to the Brotherhood, and may even have been ( as Adrian Gilbert suggests ) its leader.
After he became King, they assisted him in his own battles against Prusias II in 156 BC – 154 BC and sided with him in helping pretender Alexander Balas to seize the Seleucid throne from Demetrius I in 150 BC and Nicomedes II Epiphanes seize the Bithynian throne from his father Prusias II the following year.
Ariarathes VI Epiphanes Philopator (, Ariaráthēs Epiphanḗs Philopátōr ; reigned 130 – 116 BC or 126 BC – 111 BC ), King of Cappadocia, was the youngest son of Ariarathes V of Cappadocia and Nysa of Cappadocia.
Laodice bore Ariarathes one daughter and two sons: Nysa who married King Nicomedes III Euergetes of Bithynia ; Ariarathes VII Philometor and Ariarathes VIII Epiphanes.
Laodice bore Ariarathes VI one daughter and two sons: Nysa who married King Nicomedes III Euergetes of Bithynia ; Ariarathes VII Philometor and Ariarathes VIII Epiphanes.
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