In 1208-27, war parties of the different sides rampaged through the Livonian, Northern Latgallian, and Estonian counties, with Livonians and Latgallians normally as allies of the Crusaders, and the Principalities of Polotsk and Pskov appearing as allies of different sides at different times.

Volkwin gathered a large war party, which included troops from Pskov Republic, Livonians, Latgallians, Estonians.

Albert, Bishop of Riga ( or Prince-Bishop of Livonia ), founded the Brotherhood in 1202 to aid the Bishopric of Livonia in the conversion of the pagan Livonians, Latgalians and Selonians living across the ancient trade routes from the Gulf of Riga eastwards.

Until the early 1980s the arrival of Finnic peoples, the ancestors of the Estonians, Finns, and Livonians, on the shores of the Baltic sea was associated with the Comb Ceramic Culture.

It should be noted that in the course of their 700 year history, Baltic German families often had not only ethnic German roots, but also mixed with peoples of non-German origin, such as native Estonians, Livonians and Latvians, as well as with Danes, Swedes, English, Scots, Poles, Dutch, Hungarians.

When this did not immediately induce the Livonians, Estonians, and Baltic peoples in the hinterland to convert, a knightly order was formed, the Knights of the Sword, primarily consisting of Germans, to bring salvation to the pagans by force.

They were joined by scores of Norwegians, Finns, Estonians, Curonians, Bjarmians, Livonians, Saxons, Angles, Frisians, Irish, Rus ' etc ... All picking their sides.

In January 1227, an army of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword with Letts, Germans of Riga and native Livonians ( 20, 000 men commanded by William of Modena ) crossed on sea ice from the mainland and attacked the island of Saaremaa to reduce the last holdout of pagan Estonians.

Modern Estonians, Latvians, and the remaining few Livonians do not have consensus view about the historical role of Caupo.

The members of the Finno-Ugric Peoples ' Consultative Committee include the Erzyas, Estonians, Finns, Hungarians, Ingrian Finns, Ingrians, Karelians, Khants, Komis, Mansis, Maris, Mokshas, Nenetses, Permian Komis, Saamis, Tver Karelians, Udmurts, Vepsians ; Observers: Livonians, Setos.

Also Turks, Hungarians, Huns, Voguls, Finns, Lapps, Estonians, Mordvins, Karelians, Komi-Zyrians, Udmurts, Izhorians, Livonians, and Siberians.

An article published by the Foundation for Endangered Languages in 2007 stated that there were only 182 registered Livonians and a mere six native speakers.

The promotion of the Livonian language as a living language has been advanced mostly by Livonian Cultural Centre (), an organisation of mostly young Livonians.

Berthold tried to convert Livonians by force, launching two raids on Livonia.

Partly because of the recurring devastation of war and the resultant mingling of refugees, the Livonians of Livonia were eventually completely assimilated by the Latvians.

In the Soviet era, the Livonians were hard-hit by repressive measures from Moscow.

An article published by the Foundation for Endangered Languages in 2007 stated that there were only 182 registered Livonians and a mere six native speakers.

Using Mitau as a southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290.

Many years ago the Ugaunians, upon the advice of the Livonians, had robbed a caravan of German merchants by the Daugava river.

Many years ago the Ugaunians, upon the advice of the Livonians, had robbed a caravan of German merchants by the Daugava river.

Ivangorod was won back later in the year by Muscovite forces from the Livonians, under the command of Prince Ivan Gundar and Mikhail Klyapin.

The Livonians, who had been paying tribute to the East Slavic Principality of Polotsk, at first considered the Germans as useful allies.

ca: Germans Livonians de l ' Espasa

Of the whole, 79 % were Latvians, 8. 4 % Baltic Germans, about 8 % Jews, 1. 4 % Russians, 1 % Lithuanians, 1 % Poles, and some Livonians.

Archbishop Hartvig II converted some Livonians in the surrounding area, including local elder Caupo of Turaida, who later allied himself with the Germans.

The Curonian Peninsula was one of the areas where the Germans held out until the general capitulation of May 5, 1945, which meant there was not a house left standing when the Livonians returned home after the war.

In the early 2000s, many other prominent " last Livonians " also died, such as Poulin Klavin ( 1918 – 2001 ), keeper of many Livonian traditions and the last Livonian to reside permanently on the Courland coast, and Edgar Vaalgamaa ( 1912 – 2003 ), clergyman in Finland, translator of the New Testament and author of a book on the history and culture of the Livonians (" Valkoisen hiekan kansa ", Jyväskylä 2001 ).

In 1525 – 1530 the Livonians were forced to use the Latvian catechism.

Albert, bishop of Riga ( or Prince-Bishop of Livonia ), founded the Brotherhood to aid the Bishopric of Riga in the conversion of the pagan Curonians, Livonians, Semigallians, and Latgalians living on the shores of the Gulf of Riga.

The last remnant of this once vibrant nation was made up of several families living along the river Salaca ( Livonian: Salatsi ), but in the second half of the 19th century, the Livonian language and culture completely disappeared from the region known to this day as Livonia ; the last known speaker of the eastern Livonian dialect died in 1864, though according to some reports, there were still some people in early 20th century in the Polish area, who knew they were descended from Livonians.

The German crusaders enlisted newly baptised Livonian warriors to participate in their campaigns against Latgallians and Selonians ( 1208 – 1209 ), Estonians ( 1208 – 1227 ) and against Semigallians, Samogitians and Curonians ( 1219 – 1290 ).

The east Baltic world was transformed by military conquest: first the Livs, Latgallians and Estonians, then the Semigallians, Curonians, Prussians and the Finns underwent defeat, baptism, military occupation and sometimes extermination by groups of Danes, Germans and Swedes.

This vacuum was filled by Latvian tribes-Curonians, Semigallians, Latgallians and Selonians-who started to move into the area around 1220, and continued to do so for at least thirty years.

* The people are called latgalieši in Latvian ( as distinct from latgaļi, which refers to the ancient tribe, though some modern Latgalians prefer latgaļi ) – latgalīši in Latgalian, sometimes latgali – Latgalians, Latgallians, or Lettigalls in English, and are sometimes referred to as čangaļi ( sometimes derogatory – the reference is to a novel, and Latgalians often call other Latvians " čiuļi ").

The term Latgalians ( Latgalian: latgalīši, latgali, ( also spelt Latgallians and sometimes known as Lettigalls, Latgolans, or Lettigallians ) can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale ( especially those who speak the Latgalian language ), or to the ancient Baltic tribe.

This division of medieval Livonia was created by Papal Legate William of Modena in 1228 as a compromise between the church and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, both factions led by Germans, after the German knights had conquered and subdued the territories of several indigenous tribes: Finnic-speaking Estonians and Livs, and Baltic-speaking Latgalians, Selonians, Semigallians and Curonians.

The territory of the Balts, including modern Lithuania, was once inhabited by several Baltic tribal entities ( Aukštaitians, Sudovians, Old Lithuanians, Curonians, Semigallians, Selonians, Samogitians, Skalvians, Old Prussians ( Nadruvians )), as attested by ancient sources and dating from prehistoric times.

Selonian was a Baltic language spoken by the Eastern Baltic tribe of the Selonians, who until the 15th century lived in Selonia, a territory in South Eastern Latvia and North Eastern Lithuania.

During the 13th-15th centuries the Selonians lost their language after being assimilated by the Latgalians and partly by the Lithuanians.

The battle inspired rebellions among the Curonians, Semigallians, Selonians, Oeselians, tribes previously conquered by the Sword-Brothers.

Some scholars speculate that in the late Iron Age Selonians already was partly assimilated by Lettgallians.

In the distant past, the surroundings of Visaginas were once inhabited by the Selonians.