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* Luns was awarded many high-ranking awards during his lifetime, among them the Grand Cross of the Légion d ’ Honneur in 1954, Member of Order of Companions of Honour of the British Queen in 1971 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom by then President Ronald Reagan in 1984.
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Luns and was
Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns ( August 28, 1911 – July 17, 2002 ) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of the defunct Catholic People's Party ( KVP ) now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal ( CDA ).
Joseph Luns was born in a Roman Catholic, francophile and artistic family.
His father Huib Luns was a versatile artist and a gifted educationalist, who ended his career as professor of architectural drawing at the Technical University of Delft.
In 1949 Luns was appointed as deputy Dutch permanent representative to the United Nations.
Luns was sceptical of the importance of the United Nations for international peace, believing it at times to be more like a forum for propaganda than a center for solving international conflicts.
Luns was responsible for bilateral relations, Benelux and international organisations.
Atlantic cooperation was a fundamental aspect of Luns ’ foreign policy, and Dutch foreign policy in general.
When in 1960 it became obvious that allied support for this policy, particularly from the United States, was waning, Luns tried to find an intermediate solution by transferring the administration of the territory to the United Nations, yet this attempt to keep West New Guinea out of Indonesian hands failed as well.
Despite his personal anger over this outcome, which was considered a personal defeat by Luns, the foreign minister nevertheless worked to restore relations with Indonesia in the aftermath of the West New Guinea problem.
Luns was more successful in the normalisation of the bilateral relations with the Federal Republic of Germany.
With the full support of the government however, Luns was able to overcome the crisis.
European integration was permanently on Luns ’ political agenda.
Initially Luns stood alone and he was afraid that French-German cooperation would result in anti-Atlantic and anti-American policies which harmed the interests of the West.
By that time Luns had internationally established his reputation as an able and reliable negotiator and was seen as an important asset in London and Washington.
In 1971, Luns was appointed as NATO Secretary-General.
Though there were initial doubts about Luns ’ skills for the job he soon proved that he was capable of managing the alliance in crisis.
Luns was in favor of negotitiating with the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact members on the reduction of armaments, on the condition that the Western defence was kept in shape during such negotiations.
European members of NATO, according to Luns, should understand that the United States carried international responsibilities while the latter should understand that in-depth consultation with the European governments was conditional to forging a united front on the international stage, which could be accepted and endorsed by all members of NATO.
Due to lack of cooperation on both sides Luns was unable to mediate or advice on procedures to find a wayout.
* Luns remained a practicing Catholic throughout his life and was generally sympathetic to the traditionalist Catholic position, although he never affiliated himself with dissident groups.
* His favourite reading material included classical literature, history books ( Luns was an expert on the history of the Napoleonic era ) and detective novels, while due to his interests in international navies, the latest edition of Jane ’ s Fighting Ships was always within reach in his office.
* Luns was an avid stamp collector.
Luns and many
In the Chinese philosophical tradition, the Baima Luns significance is evident from how many Chinese classic texts directly or indirectly discuss it.
Luns and during
Therefore, Luns decided to study law at Amsterdam University during the period 1932 – 1937.
Luns shared Dutch public opinion in demanding that Germany recognize the damage it had caused during the Second World War, furthermore a mea culpa required.
Luns and d
* 1911 – Joseph Luns, Dutch politician and diplomat, 5th Secretary General of NATO ( d. 2002 )
Luns and ’
Luns accepted American leadership of the Atlantic Alliance as such but expected better cooperation between the United States and its allies, since, in Luns ’ opinion, the former too often acted independently of its allies, particularly in decolonisation issues.
Luns and British
When in 1962 France's President de Gaulle attempted to block both British entry to the European Communities and undermine their supranational foundation with the Fouchet Plan, Spaak working with Joseph Luns of the Netherlands rebuffed the idea.
Luns and 1971
After the 1956 elections Beyen left office and Luns stayed as Foreign Minister until 1971 in both center-left and center-right governments.
Luns did visit the Tridentine Mass held by the assumptionist priest Winand Kotte, who opposed the modernising policies of the Second Vatican Council, in the Saint Wilibrord Church of Utrecht in August 1971.
Joseph Luns Dutch Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs | Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1956 to 1971, under 7 consecutive kabinets.
Luns and by
Gradually his views on Gaullist foreign policies were shared by the other EEC members and they joined Luns in his objections.
Luns convinced American leaders that it undermined the credibility in Western Europe of their nuclear strategy by neglecting European fears of a change of strategy which would leave Europe unprotected in case of a Soviet nuclear attack.
Due to the ban imposed on him by Luns Oltmans was forced to help support himself through his family's inheritance.
Luns and then
" a word which Luns then mistook as the Dutch word for " horses " (" paarden ") and enthusiastically responded " Yes, paarden!
" a word which Luns then mistook as the Dutch word for " horses " (" paarden ") and enthusiastically responded " Yes, paarden!
Since then Joseph Luns, minister of foreign affairs covertly tried everything to sabotage Oltmans ' career, with much success: for a long time, Oltmans was forced to live off welfare.
Luns and 1984
Luns retired as Secretary-General in 1984, staying in office for a full 13 years.
Luns and .
* July 17 – Joseph Luns, Dutch politician and diplomat, 5th Secretary General of NATO ( b. 1911 )
Luns got his secondary education in Amsterdam and Brussels.
Like his father, Luns demonstrated a preference for conservative and authoritarian political parties and an interest in international politics.
Luns himself had been a silent member of the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands ( NSB ), but left in 1936 before this party chose a strongly anti-semitic course.
Ambassador E. Michiels van Verduynen discovered Luns ' great affinity for the political element in international affairs and entrusted him with important files on Germany which Luns handled with great skill.
Due to the tenacity of the Dutch Catholic People's Party to occupy the Foreign Ministry after the 1952 elections, Luns entered Dutch politics as the favorite of its political leader Romme.
In the opinion of Luns, Western Europe could not survive the Cold War without American nuclear security and he therefore promoted strong and intensified political and military cooperation in NATO.
Although a great supporter of Atlantic cooperation, Luns could also be critical of U. S. foreign policy and in bilateral relations he defended Dutch national interests strongly, as well as expecting American support in the bilateral difficulties with Indonesia.
In 1952 Luns expected to improve relations with Indonesia without transferring the disputed area of West New Guinea to the former colony.
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