# Manuel Komnenos

Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus () ( 10 September 1169 – 24 September 1183, Constantinople ), Byzantine emperor ( 1180 – 1183 ), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch.

Their party was defeated ( 2 May 1182 ), but Andronikos Komnenos, a first cousin of Emperor Manuel, took advantage of these disorders to aim at the crown, entered Constantinople, where he was received with almost divine honours, and overthrew the government.

* Anna Angelina, who married ( 1 ) the sebastokrator Isaac Komnenos, great-nephew of emperor Manuel I Komnenos, and ( 2 ) Theodore Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea.

On being ransomed he went to Constantinople, where was held the court of his cousin, the Emperor Manuel I Komnenos, with whom he was a great favourite.

* Manuel Komnenos ( born 1145 ), who married Rusudan of Georgia and was the father of Emperor Alexios I and David Komnenos, the founders of the Empire of Trebizond

* Eirene Komnene ( born c. 1169 ), who was briefly married to Alexios Komnenos, a son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos by Theodora Batatzina.

The Byzantine Empire under Manuel I Komnenos | Manuel I, c. 1180

In fact, Despot was an Imperial title, first used under Manuel I Komnenos ( 1143 – 1180 ) who created it for his appointed heir Alexius-Béla.

* 1118 – Manuel I Komnenos, Greek Byzantine Emperor ( d. 1180 )

* 1180 – Manuel I Komnenos, last Emperor of the Komnenian restoration dies.

In 1180 the last of the capable Komnenoi, Manuel I Komnenos, died and was replaced by the relatively incompetent Angeloi dynasty, allowing some Bulgarian nobles to organize an uprising.

Bari was occupied by Manuel I Komnenos between 1155 – 1158.

Manuel I Komnenos ( or Comnenus ) (, Manouēl I Komnēnos ) ( 28 November 1118 – 24 September 1180 ) was a Byzantine Emperor of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantium and the Mediterranean.

Death of John II Komnenos, and crowning of Manuel I Komnenos ( from the Manuscript of William of Tyre's Historia and Old French Continuation, painted in Acre, Israel, 13th century, Bibliothèque nationale de France ).

Manuel Komnenos was the fourth son of John II Komnenos and Piroska of Hungary, so it seemed very unlikely that he would succeed his father.

* Cardinal Afonso of Portugal, son of Manuel I of Portugal.

In 1180 the Emperor Manuel died and was succeeded by his ten year old son Alexios II, who was under the guardianship of his mother, Empress Maria.

* October 7 – Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães, 6th son of King Manuel I of Portugal and his wife Maria of Aragon ( d. 1540 )

* Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda and Trancoso ( 1507 – 1534 ), 3rd male son of king Manuel I of Portugal

* September 17 – John VII Palaiologos seeks refuge with the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I after John V Palaiologos is restored by his son, Manuel, and the Republic of Venice.

He was opposed by António, Prior of Crato, the illegitimate son of one of the younger sons of Manuel I.

His chief minister, Manuel de Godoy convinced Charles that his son, Ferdinand, was plotting to overthrow him.

After John died on 8 April 1143, his son, Manuel, was acclaimed emperor by the armies.

Manuel II Palaiologos was the second son of Emperor John V Palaiologos and his wife Helena Kantakouzene.

In 1376 – 1379 and again in 1390 they were supplanted by Andronikos IV and then his son John VII, but Manuel personally defeated his nephew with help from the Republic of Venice in 1390.

During the last years of his life, Manuel II relinquished most official duties to his son and heir John VIII Palaiologos, and went back to Europe searching for assistance against the Ottomans, this time to the King Sigismund of Hungary, staying for two months in his court of Buda.

Sadly Manuel returned home with empty hands from the Hungarian Kingdom, and in 1424 he and his son were forced to sign an unfavourable peace treaty with the Ottoman Turks, whereby the Byzantine Empire had to pay tribute to the sultan.

Manuel II was the author of numerous works of varied character, including letters, poems, a Saint's Life, treatises on theology and rhetoric, and an epitaph for his brother Theodore I Palaiologos and a mirror of prince for his son and heir Ioannes.

* Manuel Palaeologos Resources, including excerpts from his writings to his son John, on " the virtue of a king "

After the death of King Manuel I in late 1521, his son and successor, King John III of Portugal set about reviewing the Portuguese government overseas.

From the reign of king Manuel I, the title of Duke of Beja was given to the second son of the monarch.

# Constance ( 1239 – 1269 ), married Juan Manuel, Lord of Villena, son of Ferdinand III

Since Infante John's and Infante Peter's deaths in 1939, Infante Philip ( son of Sancho IV and María de Molina, thus brother of Infante Peter ), Juan Manuel ( the king's second-degree uncle by virtue of being Ferdinand III's grandson ) and Juan el Tuerto ( the late Juan's son and the king's second-degree uncle ) split the kingdom among themselves according to their aspirations for regency, even as it was being looted by moors and Levantine nobility.

Isaac was the son of Manuel Erotikos Komnenos, the strategos autokrator of the East under Emperor Basil II Manuel originated in Thrace and was possibly of Vlach ancestry, though other ethnic origins have been suggested.

The novel describes the events of the reigns of Manuel I, Alexios II and Andronikos I through the eyes of Agnes.

In 1320, Andronikos accidentally murdered his brother Manuel, whereupon their father died of grief.

While under the protection of Yaroslav, Andronikos brought about an alliance between him and the Emperor Manuel I, and so restored himself to the emperor's favour.

After a successful campaign Manuel I and Andronikos returned together to Constantinople ( 1168 ); but a year later, Andronikos refused to take the oath of allegiance to the future king Béla III of Hungary, whom Manuel desired to become his successor.

The novel describes the events of the reigns of Manuel I, Alexios II and Andronikos I through the eyes of Agnes.

The failed attempt at usurpation by his older brother Andronikos IV Palaiologos in 1373 led to Manuel being proclaimed heir and co-emperor of his father.

Manuel I fortified the town, but his successor, Andronikos I, could not hold it, so Niš was seized by the Hungarian king Bela III.

However in 1379 John and Manuel escaped to sultan Murad, and with the assistance of the Venetians overthrew Andronikos later in the year.

Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos with his family: empress Helena Dragaš ( right ), and three of their sons, John VIII Palaiologos | John, Andronikos Palaiologos, Lord of Thessalonike | Andronikos and Theodore II Palaiologos, Lord of Morea | Theodore.

Early 15th-century miniature depicting Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos with his family: empress Helena Dragaš, and three of their sons, John VIII Palaiologos | John, Andronikos Palaiologos, Lord of Thessalonike | Andronikos and Theodore II Palaiologos, Lord of Morea | Theodore.

Alexios Komnenos was a grandson of the last Komnenian Byzantine emperor, Andronikos I Komnenos, through that man's son Manuel Komnenos, who, in turn, had married Rusudan, daughter of George III of Georgia.

Their sons included Andronikos IV Palaiologos ( 1348 – 1385 ) and Manuel II Palaiologos ( 1350 – 1425 ).

After Manuel I's reign the Komnenos dynasty fell into conspiracies and plots like many of their ancestors ( and the various contenders within the family sought power and often succeeded in overthrowing the preceding kinsman ); Alexios II, the first Komnenos to ascend as a minor, ruled for three years and his conqueror and successor Andronikos I ruled for two, overthrown by the Angelos family under Isaac II who was dethroned and blinded by his own brother Alexios III.

* Rusudan, married Manuel Komnenos ( born 1145 ), the eldest son of Andronikos I who was briefly Byzantine emperor.

Andronikos had Alexios II sign the order for his mother's execution, and appointed his own son Manuel and the sebastos George to execute her, but they refused.

Andronikos was a first cousin of Manuel and was known to have harbored imperial ambitions for himself.

The novel describes the events of the reigns of Manuel, Alexios and Andronikos through her eyes.