* Roulette – Martingale

* Martingale – doubling bet after each loss until a win is achieved ( or fails when the amount of the bet becomes excessive )

* Martingale ( betting system )

* Martingale ( betting system )

Martingale collars ( also called limited-slip collars ) are usually made of flat nylon with a smaller fixed-length section ( made of either nylon or a short length of chain ) that, when pulled on by the leash, shortens up tightening the collar around the dog's neck, to a limited extent.

Martingale collar with chain loop ; martingale collars also come with a fabric flat tab or loop instead of a chain, and optional buckles on both styles.

See Musiela and Rutkowski's book on Martingale Methods in Financial Markets for a continuous time proof of this result.

Martingale Collar with Chain Loop ; martingale collars also come with a fabric loop instead of chain as well as optional buckles on both styles.

#: for no arbitrage to be possible in the share, today ’ s price must represent its expected value discounted at the risk free rate ( i. e., the share price is a Martingale ):

Historically, there was a very close link between EMH and the random-walk model and then the Martingale model.

: where is the expectation with respect to risk-neutral probabilities, and is a random variable representing the discount rate ; see also Martingale pricing.

* Williams, Beth Ann ( 2001 ) Colorwash Bargello Quilts Martingale & Company.

Martingale dog collars are also known as greyhound, whippet or humane choke collars.

Prong collar ; the looped chain limits how tightly the collar can pull in the same way that a Martingale functions.

Martingale collars are recommended for Sighthounds because their heads are smaller than their necks and they can often slip out of standard collars.

In human – computer interaction, computer accessibility ( also known as Accessible computing ) refers to the accessibility of a computer system to all people, regardless of disability or severity of impairment.

The period 2700 – 2300 BC saw the first appearance of the Sumerian abacus, a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system.

The beads in the shorter grooves denote fives – five units, five tens etc., essentially in a bi-quinary coded decimal system, obviously related to the Roman numerals.

The quipu of the Incas was a system of knotted cords used to record numerical data, like advanced tally sticks – but not used to perform calculations.

An abugida ( from Ge ‘ ez አቡጊዳ ’ äbugida ), also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant – vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary.

Basic theories, such as arithmetic, real analysis and complex analysis are often introduced non-axiomatically, but implicitly or explicitly there is generally an assumption that the axioms being used are the axioms of Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory with choice, abbreviated ZFC, or some very similar system of axiomatic set theory like Von Neumann – Bernays – Gödel set theory, a conservative extension of ZFC.

The primary disadvantage of analog signaling is that any system has noise – i. e., random unwanted variation.

* 1936 – Tupelo-Gainesville tornado outbreak: Another tornado from the same storm system as the Tupelo tornado hits Gainesville, Georgia, killing 203.

* 1926 – In New York, New York, the Warner Brothers ' Vitaphone system premieres with the movie Don Juan starring John Barrymore.

* 1986 – A low-pressure system that redeveloped off the New South Wales coast dumps a record 328 millimeters ( 13 inches ) of rain in a day on Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

* 1869 – Japan's samurai, farmer, artisan, merchant class system ( Shinōkōshō ) is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms.

* 1873 – The Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating the first cable car in San Francisco's famous cable car system.

* Arminianism supports works-based salvation – No well-known system of Arminianism denies salvation " by faith alone " and " by faith first to last ".

* Arminianism is Pelagian ( or Semi-Pelagian ), denying original sin and total depravity – No system of Arminianism founded on Arminius or Wesley denies original sin or total depravity ; both Arminius and Wesley strongly affirmed that man's basic condition is one in which he cannot be righteous, understand God, or seek God.

* 1935 – Social Security Act, creating a government pension system for the retired.

* 1903 – Arpad Elo, American chess player, created the Elo rating system ( d. 1992 )

* 1960 – The United States launches Transit 1-B, the world's first satellite navigation system.

Johnson was critical of the Tennessee common school system and suggested funding be increased via taxes, either statewide or county by county – a mixture of the two was passed.

In the 10th century, Middle-Eastern mathematicians extended the decimal numeral system to include fractions, as recorded in a treatise by Syrian mathematician Abu ' l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi in 952 – 953.

The U. S. Ground-Based Midcourse Defense ( GMD ; previously known as National Missile Defense – NMD ) system has recently reached initial operational capability.

* 1871 – Emperor Meiji orders the Abolition of the han system and the establishment of prefectures as local centers of administration.

The ACT public education system schooling is normally split up into Pre-School, Primary School ( K-6 ), High School ( 7 – 10 ) and College ( 11 – 12 ) followed by studies at university or TAFE.

Reference to them is made according to the organization of Immanuel Bekker's Royal Prussian Academy edition ( Aristotelis Opera edidit Academia Regia Borussica, Berlin, 1831 – 1870 ), which in turn is based on ancient classifications of these works.

The relative scarcity of fossil evidence prevents precise dating, but the most recent molecular study, based on multilocus sequence typing, suggest a Late Carboniferous – Early Permian origin of extant amphibians.

For much of the 19th and early 20th centuries, many linguists who studied Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic regarded them as members of a common Ural – Altaic family, together with Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic, based on such shared features as vowel harmony and agglutination.

* 2001 – Erwadi fire incident, 28 mentally ill persons tied to chain were burnt to death at a faith based institution at Erwadi, Tamil Nadu.

Bodyline, a fictionalised television miniseries based on the " Bodyline " Ashes series of 1932 – 33, screened in Australia in 1984, to significant public interest and critical acclaim.

* Cluster analysis – techniques for grouping objects into a collection of groups ( called clusters ), based on some measure of proximity or similarity

His epistemology can be regarded as primitive materialist empiricism ; he believed that human cognition ought to be based on one's perceptions – one's sensory experiences, such as sight and hearing – instead of imagination or internal logic, elements founded on the human capacity for abstraction.

The best current ( 2009 ) estimate of the International Astronomical Union ( IAU ) for the value of the astronomical unit in meters is A = m, based on a comparison of JPL and IAA – RAS ephemerides.

* 1944 – Georgios Papandreou becomes head of the Greek government-in-exile based in Egypt.

Arminianism is based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius ( 1560 – 1609 ) and his historic supporters known as the Remonstrants and is known as a soteriological sect of Protestant Christianity.

It may also be based on Alfred's later having accompanied his father on a pilgrimage to Rome where he spent some time at the court of Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, around 854 – 855.

Originally based on the date used to calculate the age of fruit trees for tithing as mandated in Leviticus 19: 23 – 25, the holiday now is most often observed by planting trees, or raising money to plant trees.

Taniyama – Weil conjecture ) based on a roughly formulated question of Taniyama at the 1955 Nikkō conference.

The axiom of regularity is arguably the least useful ingredient of Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory, since virtually all results in the branches of mathematics based on set theory hold even in the absence of regularity ( see chapter 3 of ).

The first a pastoral opera, L ' amore innocente ( Innocent Love ) was a light hearted comedy set in the Austrian mountains, and the second was based on an episode from Cervantes Don Quixote – Don Chisciotte alle nozze di Gamace ( Don Quixote at the Marriage of Camacho ).

* aac – the Advanced Audio Coding format is based on the MPEG2 and MPEG4 standards.

* Image labelling ( based on the Arthur – Merlin protocol ):

Anaïs Nin (; born Angela Anaïs Juana Antolina Rosa Edelmira Nin y Culmell, February 21, 1903 – January 14, 1977 ) was a French-Cuban author, based at first in France and later in the United States, who published her journals, which span more than 60 years, beginning when she was 11 years old and ending shortly before her death, her erotic literature, and short stories.

* Blackball – a 2003 comedy film about a young bowls player, based upon Griff Sanders.

' The name Jehovah's witnesses, based on Isaiah 43: 10 – 12, was adopted in 1931.

Further, they opposed the creation of an electoral college to elect the leader of the Party, who had previously been elected by members of the Parliamentary Labour Party – in particular, the arrangement of block voting by constituency parties and trade unions, with the total votes of a constituency party or trade union being given to a candidate based on a first-past-the-post within that CLP or union, or changed at the discretion of delegates ( similar to primary elections in the United States ).

While typical sports championship parades have been showered with some 50 tons of confetti and shredded paper, the V-J Day parade on August 14 and August 15, 1945 – marking the end of World War II – was covered with 5, 438 tons of paper, based on estimates provided by the New York City Department of Sanitation.