The Mercedes-Euklid is a German-invented calculator from the early twentieth century.

These authors, the former a medieval historian and the latter an early modernist, quickly became associated with the distinctive Annales approach, which combined geography, history, and the sociological approaches of the Année Sociologique ( many members of which were their colleagues at Strasbourg ) to produce an approach which rejected the predominant emphasis on politics, diplomacy and war of many 19th and early 20th-century historians as spearheaded by historians whom Febvre called Les Sorbonnistes.

The area's industrial history is reflected in dozens of 19th-and early 20th-century manufacturing sites in the city.

According to 20th-century scholar Walther Ludwig, the poems were spuriously inserted into an early biography of Plato sometime between 250 BC and 100 BC and adopted by later writers from this source.

* Gopher Gang, early 20th-century New York

After his death he gained considerable fame, particularly among 19th-and early 20th-century commentators who, focusing on his astronomical beliefs, regarded him as a martyr for free thought and modern scientific ideas.

* Early Hebrew Newspapers, thousands of pages of mid-to late-19th-century and early 20th-century Hebrew newspapers.

An early concept of irreducibly complex systems comes from Ludwig von Bertalanffy, a 20th-century Austrian biologist.

The downtown districts of Saddar and Clifton contain a variety of early 20th-century architecture, ranging in style from the neo-classical KPT building to the Sindh High Court Building.

The oldest attested form is the yellow form, called in the 19th century, but renamed by Elizaburo Hoshino, an early 20th-century koi breeder.

Other 19th-and early 20th-century contemporaneous documents indicate that the policy of removing Aboriginal children from their parents related to different beliefs: that given the catastrophic population decline of Aboriginal people after white contact that they would " die out ", that the ' full-blood ' tribal Aboriginal population would be unable to sustain itself, and was doomed to inevitable extinction.

An early 20th-century illustration of Vikings leaving their ship: the representation of neither the vessel nor the details of personal dress ( including horned helmets ) is accurate.

The romanticised idea of the Vikings constructed in scholarly and popular circles in northwestern Europe in the nineteenth and early 20th centuries was a potent one, and the figure of the Viking became a familiar and malleable symbol in different contexts in the politics and political ideologies of 20th-century Europe.

With influences that included the early 20th-century commercial artist J. C. Leyendecker, he drew for the school newspaper ( The Clintonian ), the literary magazine ( The Magpie ) and the yearbook, and did stage design, leading him to consider doing that kind of work for theater.

Lenin's theories on the role of a communist party were developed as the early 20th-century Russian social democracy divided into Bolshevik ( meaning " majority ") and Menshevik ( meaning " minority ") factions.

Celebration is planned in an early 20th-century architectural style and is not zoned for high-density residences.

The production of stick-on souvenir badges seems to have started in mainland Europe during the early 20th-century, probably in Germany shortly after the First World War when hiking became popular, and people began sewing badges of resort towns onto their backpacks and jackets.

An early 20th-century map depicting the battlefield

An early 20th-century painting of Anne Boleyn, depicting her deer hunting with the King

Two great innovators of early 20th-century music, Schoenberg and Stravinsky, both wrote violin concertos.

This technique was notably used in the Fayum mummy portraits from Egypt around 100-300 AD, in the Blachernitissa and other early icons, as well as in many works of 20th-century North American artists, including Jasper Johns, Tony Scherman, and Fernando Leal Audirac.

One study based on recognition of 19th-and early 20th-century newspaper pages concluded that character-by-character OCR accuracy for commercial OCR software varied from 71 % to 98 %; total accuracy can be achieved only by human review.

The bullet-point that follows lists early 20th-century musical settings chronologically and notes how many poems were set by each composer ( all, except Prohaska's, are in the Hartleben translations ) and for which instruments.

The original Tom Swift has been claimed to represent the early 20th-century conception of inventors.

The presence of an easy-to-learn language such as BASIC on these early personal computers allowed small business owners to develop their own custom application software, leading to widespread use of these computers in businesses that previously did not have access to computing technology.

In the early days of computing, CPU time was expensive, and peripherals were very slow.

Digital Equipment, which had twice as many employees as Compaq, has been a leading company in the previous generation of computing during the 1970s and early 1980s but it had struggled since then.

The study of distributed computing became its own branch of computer science in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

Dijkstra was one of the early pioneers in the field of distributed computing.

It was most popular in the early days of computing, but applies even more today, when powerful computers can spew out mountains of erroneous information in a short time.

" Much of the TMRC's jargon was later imported into early computing culture, because the club started using a DEC PDP-1 and applied its local model railroad slang in this computing context.

Other early versions of mechanical devices used to perform one or another type of calculations include the planisphere and other mechanical computing devices invented by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī ( c. AD 1000 ); the equatorium and universal latitude-independent astrolabe by Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī ( c. AD 1015 ); the astronomical analog computers of other medieval Muslim astronomers and engineers ; and the astronomical clock tower of Su Song ( c. AD 1090 ) during the Song Dynasty.

The end of the 20th century and early years of the 21st century saw rapid advancements in telecommunications, computing hardware and software, and data encryption.

In the early days of computing, language design was heavily influenced by the decision to use compiling or interpreting as a mode of execution.

Kermit is a computer file transfer / management protocol and a set of communications software tools primarily used in the early years of personal computing in the 1980s ; it provides a consistent approach to file transfer, terminal emulation, script programming, and character set conversion across many different computer hardware and OS platforms.

He showed early computing skills, such as being able to open up and reprogram ROM video game cartridges such as those for the Atari 2600, but was more interested in graphics and artistic pursuits.

Silicon Graphics ( SGI ) refocused its business from desktop graphics workstations to the high-performance computing market in the early 1990s.

Software crisis was a term used in the early days of computing science.

It has the disadvantage of losing the more compact, byte-stream-based encoding, but by this point larger storage and transmission capacities made file size less of a concern than in the early days of computing.

Computers used teleprinters for input and output from the early days of computing.

Delay lines also needed hand tuning, but did not age as badly and enjoyed some success in early digital electronic computing despite its data rate, weight, cost, thermal and toxicity problems.

In computing, an early tradition in the hacker community ( especially at MIT ) was to choose acronyms and abbreviations that referred humorously to themselves or to other abbreviations.

There were a variety of reasons why batch processing dominated early computing.

Robert Sanderson Mulliken ForMemRS ( June 7, 1896 – October 31, 1986 ) was an American physicist and chemist, primarily responsible for the early development of molecular orbital theory, i. e. the elaboration of the molecular orbital method of computing the structure of molecules.

In the early days of computing and data processing the CPU generally ran slower than its memory.

However, this was expensive in the early days of computing, since each computer ( except for the ones at each end ) required two receivers and two transmitters.

The Amiga was the undisputed leader of mainstream multimedia computing in the late 1980s and early 1990s, though it was eventually overtaken by PC architecture.