* Molossus, music theme on the Batman Begins soundtrack

Alexander I of Epirus (, 370 BC – 331 BC ), also known as Alexander Molossus (), was a king of Epirus ( 350 – 331 BC ) of the Aeacid dynasty.

The Molossus descended into Epirus in about 1200 BC, also from the north.

Xanthippus, the Athenian commander at Mycale, had furiously rejected this ; the Ionian cities were originally Athenian colonies, and the Athenians, if no-one else, would protect the Ionians.

Eucles, the Athenian commander at Amphipolis, sent to Thucydides for help.

The Athenian mercenary commander Chabrias successfully faced off the larger army of Agesilaus II near Thebes.

* 414 Lamachus, Athenian commander killed at Syracuse

* With the help of the Athenian statesman and general, Cimon, Aristides commands an Athenian fleet of 30 ships that the Spartan commander Pausanias leads to free the Greek cities on Cyprus and capture Byzantium from the Persians and their Phoenician allies.

Philip acts at once, and his forces pass through Thermopylae, enter Amfissa and defeat the Locrians who are led by Chares, the Athenian general and mercenary commander.

* After suffering a defeat in which the Athenian commander Lamachus is killed, Demosthenes suggests that they immediately give up the siege of Syracuse and return to Athens, where they are needed to defend against a Spartan invasion of Attica.

After some initial success, the Athenian troops become disorganised in the chaotic night operation and are thoroughly routed by Gylippus, the Spartan commander.

The Athenian commander Lamachus is killed.

The commander of the Athenian forces, Laches, is killed in the battle.

* Having blamed the defeats by Philip II in Thessaly and Chalcidice on his colleagues, Chares is left as sole Athenian commander.

Despite the Athenians being willing to comply, both Pydna and Potidaea are conquered by the Macedonians ( along with other Athenian strongholds in Thessaly and Chalcidice ) despite being defended by Athenian forces led by general and mercenary commander, Chares, as well as generals Iphicrates and Timotheus.

* The Athenian general and mercenary commander, Chares and the Euboean mercenary Charidemus regain the Thracian Chersonese for Athens from the Thracian king Cersobleptes.

Originally, the polemarch was a commander of the army, but after 487 / 486 BC, when the Athenian magistrates were appointed by lot, the military duties were handled by the strategoi.

After Laches the Athenian commander was killed, the battle turned into a rout of the Athenian and allied armies, a result attributed to greater Spartan courage.

In 479, he was re-elected strategos, and given special powers as commander of the Athenian forces at the Battle of Plataea ; he is also said to have suppressed a conspiracy among some oligarchic malcontents in the army.

It was during the famous stand-off between the Athenian mercenary commander ( and later strategos ) Chabrias ( d. 357 BC ) and the Spartan King Agesilaus II ( 444 BC – 360 BC ).

Learning of the impending invasion, Athens quickly came to the aid of Thebes by sending a force of about 200 cavalry and 5, 000 men ( both citizen and mercenary, including hoplites and peltasts ) under the command of the Athenian strategos Demeas and mercenary commander Chabrias.

The Athenian military commander Tolmides concluded an alliance with Zakynthus during the First Peloponnesian War sometime between 459 and 446 BC.

Xanthippus, the Athenian commander at Mycale, had furiously rejected this ; the Ionian cities were originally Athenian colonies, and the Athenians, if no-one else, would protect the Ionians.

The identification of Ajax with the family of Aeacus was chiefly a matter which concerned the Athenians, after Salamis had come into their possession, on which occasion Solon is said to have inserted a line in the Iliad ( 2. 557 – 558 ), for the purpose of supporting the Athenian claim to the island.

Pausanias, also refers to a statue of Ares by Alcamenes that was erected on the Athenian agora, which some have related to the Ares Borghese.

He was implicated during the Peloponnesian War in the mutilation of the Herms on the eve of the departure of the Athenian expedition against Sicily in 415 BC.

Athenian citizens had to be descended from citizens — after the reforms of Pericles and Cimon in 450 BC on both sides of the family, excluding the children of Athenian men and foreign women.

Though both ended up as rogue governments and did not follow through on their constitutional promises, they began as responses from the Athenian elite to what they saw as the inherent arbitrariness of government by the masses ( Plato in the Seventh Epistle does remark that the Thirty made the preceding democratic regime look like a Golden Age ).

After some thought, they rescinded this order, and only put to death the leading 1000 ringleaders of the revolt, and redistributed the land of the entire island to Athenian shareholders, who were sent out to reside on Lesbos.

There is no conclusive evidence for the existence of a Mycenean palace on top of the Athenian Acropolis.

The Persians sailed down the coast of Attica, and landed at the bay of Marathon, roughly from Athens, on the advice of the exiled Athenian tyrant Hippias ( who had accompanied the expedition ).

The flanks of the Athenian camp were protected either by a grove of trees, or an abbatis of stakes ( depending on the exact reading ).

There are many variations of this theory, but perhaps the most prevalent is that the cavalry was re-embarked on the ships, and was to be sent by sea to attack ( undefended ) Athens in the rear, whilst the rest of the Persians pinned down the Athenian army at Marathon.

Furthermore, raising such a large army had denuded Athens of defenders, and thus any secondary attack in the Athenian rear would cut the army off from the city ; and any direct attack on the city could not be defended against.

The Athenian wings quickly routed the inferior Persian levies on the flanks, before turning inwards to surround the Persian centre, which had been more successful against the thin Greek centre.

It seems that the Athenian playwright Aeschylus considered his participation at Marathon to be his greatest achievement in life ( rather than his plays ) since on his gravestone there was the following epigram:

Cleisthenes again reformed the Athenian constitution and set it on a democratic footing in 508 BC.

The Athenian author and soldier Xenophon in particular advocated the creation of a small but well-trained cavalry force ; to that end, he wrote several manuals on horsemanship and cavalry operations.

The Trojan Women for example is a powerfully disturbing play on the theme of war's horrors, apparently critical of Athenian imperialism ( it was composed in the aftermath of the Melian massacre and during the preparations for the Sicilian Expedition ) yet it features the comic exchange between Menelaus and Hecuba quoted above and the chorus considers Athens, the " blessed land of Theus ", to be a desirable refugesuch complexity and ambiguity are typical both of his ' patriotic ' and ' anti-war ' plays.

His parents, Neocles and Chaerestrate, both Athenian-born, and his father a citizen, had emigrated to the Athenian settlement on the Aegean island of Samos about ten years before Epicurus's birth in February 341 BC As a boy, he studied philosophy for four years under the Platonist teacher Pamphilus.

After the death of Alexander the Great, Perdiccas expelled the Athenian settlers on Samos to Colophon, on the coast of what is now Turkey.

The term on occasion has been applied to maritime empires or thalassocracies, ( e. g. the Athenian and British Empires ) with looser structures and more scattered territories.

The proverbial Philippic attacks of the Athenian orator Demosthenes ( 384 – 322 BC ) on Philip II of Macedon marked the height of ancient political agitation.

Herodotus actually mentions Hecataeus in his Histories, on one occasion mocking him for his naive genealogy and, on another occasion, quoting Athenian complaints against his handling of their national history.

In 425 BC, which is about the time that Herodotus is thought by many scholars to have died, the Athenian comic dramatist, Aristophanes, created The Acharnians, in which he blames The Peloponnesian War on the abduction of some prostitutes-a mocking reference to Herodotus, who reported the Persians ' account of their wars with Greece, beginning with the rapes of the mythical heroines Io, Europa, Medea and Helen.