He was married twice, to Valide Sultan Mahfiruze Hatice Sultan, originally named Maria, a Greek, mother of Osman II, and to Valide Sultan Kadinefendi Kösem Sultan or Mahpeyker, originally named Anastasia, a Greek, mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I.

He was also a powerful and consistent supporter of Skanderbeg, whom he decided to take under his protection as a vassal in 1451, shortly after the latter had scored his second victory against Murad II.

His sons were: Mustafa IV ( 1807 – 08 ) ( his son by Ayşe Seniyeperver ), Mahmud II ( 1808 – 39 ) ( his son by Naksh-i-Dil Haseki ), Murad, Nusret, Mehmed, Ahmed, and Süleyman.

Under a red flag bearing Skanderbeg's heraldic emblem, an Albanian force held off Ottoman campaigns for twenty-five years and overcame sieges of Krujë led by the forces of the Ottoman sultans Murad II and Mehmed II.

Despot George of Serbia bought the relics from the Ottoman sultan Murad II for 30. 000 gold coins.

# Valide Sultan Emine Hatun, daughter of Suleyman Bey, ruler of Dulkadirids, third consort, which marriage served as an alliance between the Ottoman's and this buffer state, mother of Murad II

Murad II Kodja ( June 1404, Amasya – 3 February 1451, Edirne ) ( Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثانى Murād-ı < u > s </ u > ānī, Turkish: II.

Murad II ( Murat ), when called from his vice-royalty in Asia Minor to become the sovereign of the Ottoman Empire, was only eighteen years of age.

Mustafa was out-manoeuvered in the middle of the field and his troops, whose confidence in his person and cause he had lost by his violence and incapacity, passed over in large numbers to Murad II.

Murad II then formed a new army called Azeb in 1421 and marched through the Byzantine Empire and laid siege to its capital Constantinople.

Murad II then declared war against Venice, the Karamanid Emirate, Serbia and Hungary.

Murad II won the Battle of Varna in 1444 against János Hunyadi.

When the Balkan front was secured, Murad II turned east to defeat Timur's son, Shah Rokh, and the emirates of Karamanid and Çorum-Amasya.

In 1450 Murad II led his army into Albania and unsuccessfully besieged the Castle of Kruje in an effort to defeat the resistance led by Skanderbeg.

In the winter of 1450 – 1451, Murad II fell ill, and died in Edirne.

Murad II had seven wives:

az: II Murad

cs: Murad II.

de: Murad II.

et: Murad II

es: Murad II

id: Murad II

it: Murad II

He married with Mahpeyker and had five children from her: Murad IV, Ibrahim I, Ayşe Sultan, Shahzade Suleiman and Shahzade Kasim.

When Sultan Murad V began to show signs of paranoia, madness and continuous fainting and vomiting even on the day of his coronation and threw himself into a pool yelling at his guards to protect his life, they were afraid the public would become outraged and revolt to bring the former Sultan back.

He was the son of Murad I and Valide Sultan Gülçiçek Hatun.

Numerous envoys were dispatched in both directions and epistolar exchanges occurred between Elizabeth and Sultan Murad III.

* 1612 – Murad IV, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1640 )

He even wrote a letter to the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV, Jahangir's ambition however did not materialize due to his death in 1627.

The flight was said to be undertaken at the time of the birth of Sultan Murad IV's daughter.

Murad III ( Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثالث Murād-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >, Turkish: III. Murat ) < span dir =" ltr ">( 4 July 1546 – 15 / 16 January 1595 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death.

Numerous envoys and letters were exchanged between Elizabeth I and Sultan Murad III.

Kösem Sultan ( 1589 – 1651 ) the mother of Murad IV who exercised a decisive influence on the sultan's decisions during his youth.

Murad IV Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: مراد رابع Murād-i rābi ‘) < span dir =" ltr ">( July 26 / 27, 1612 – February 9, 1640 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods.

Murad IV was born in Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I ( 1603 – 17 ) and the ethnic Greek Valide Sultan Kösem Sultan ( also known as Mahpeyker ), originally named Anastasia.

Murad IV was for a long time under the control of his relatives and during his early years as Sultan, his mother, Kösem Sultan, essentially ruled through him.

He even wrote a letter to the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV, Jahangir's ambition however did not materialize due to his death in 1627.

Murad IV was the last Warrior Sultan who led campaigns in front of his army and fought on the battlefield.

Sultan Murad IV put emphasis on architecture and in his period many monuments were erected.

Bayezid ascended to the throne following the death of his father Murad I, who was killed by Serbian knight Miloš Obilić during ( June 15 ), or immediately after ( June 16 ), the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, by which Serbia became a vassal of the Ottoman Empire.

In one correspondence, Murad entertained the notion that Islam and Protestantism had " much more in common than either did with Roman Catholicism, as both rejected the worship of idols ", and argued for an alliance between England and the Ottoman Empire.

To the dismay of Catholic Europe, England exported tin and lead ( for cannon-casting ) and ammunitions to the Ottoman Empire, and Elizabeth seriously discussed joint military operations with Murad III during the outbreak of war with Spain in 1585, as Francis Walsingham was lobbying for a direct Ottoman military involvement against the common Spanish enemy.

İstanbul Kanatlarımın Altında ( Istanbul Under My Wings, 1996 ) is a film about the lives of Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi, his brother Lagari Hasan Çelebi, and the Ottoman society in the early 17th century, during the reign of Murad IV, as witnessed and narrated by Evliya Çelebi.

* 1546 – Murad III, Ottoman sultan ( d. 1595 )

Finally, the Ottoman sultan Murad IV of Istanbul, wanting to thwart Lebanon's progress toward complete independence, ordered Kutshuk, then governor of Damascus, to attack the Lebanese ruler.

Ottoman expansion during the reign of Murad I

A warrior, allegedly Miloš Obilić, had managed to get through the Ottoman army and kill Murad I.

The reign of Murad III was marked by wars with Safavids and Habsburgs and Ottoman economic decline and institutional decay.

In one correspondence, Murad entertained the notion that Islam and Protestantism had " much more in common than either did with Roman Catholicism, as both rejected the worship of idols ", and argued for an alliance between England and the Ottoman Empire.

To the dismay of Catholic Europe, England exported tin and lead ( for cannon-casting ) and ammunitions to the Ottoman Empire, and Elizabeth seriously discussed joint military operations with Murad III during the outbreak of war with Spain in 1585, as Francis Walsingham was lobbying for a direct Ottoman military involvement against the common Spanish enemy.