The first Nanotube nanomotor has been developed in 2003 by the group of Alex Zettl at UC Berkeley.

* 2001 – Present: Director, Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology ( AIST ), Tsukuba

The concept of the FET predates the BJT, though it was not physically implemented until after BJTs due to the limitations of semiconductor materials and the relative ease of manufacturing BJTs compared to FETs at the time.

The efficiency has increased since the late 1980s due to the use of power FETs, which are able to switch at high frequency more efficiently than power bipolar transistors, which incur more switching losses and require a more complicated drive circuit.

In their 2004 paper, the Manchester group demonstrated FETs with a " rather modest " on-off ratio of ~ 30 at room temperature.

In June 2011, IBM announced that it had successfully used graphene-based FETs in an integrated circuit.

This was based on a design pioneered at IBM Research ( the IBM 801 ).

For example, an IBM PC might have either a monochrome or a color display adapter ( using different display memory addresses and hardware ), but a single, standard, BIOS system call may be invoked to display a character at a specified position on the screen in text mode.

In fact, IBM's share of the market at the time was so much larger than all of the others, that this group was often referred to as " IBM and the Seven Dwarfs.

It was developed by Grady Booch, while at Rational Software ( now part of IBM ).

Researchers at IBM investigated chord keyboards for both typewriters and computer data entry as early as 1959, with the idea that it might be faster than touch-typing if some chords were used to enter whole words or parts of words.

Watts Humphrey began developing his process maturity concepts during the later stages of his 27 year career at IBM.

Active development of the model by the US Department of Defense Software Engineering Institute ( SEI ) began in 1986 when Humphrey joined the Software Engineering Institute located at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania after retiring from IBM.

Pfeiffer's vision was to move Compaq beyond its main business of manufacturing retail PCs and into the more lucrative business services and solutions that IBM did well at.

Developed in the early 1970s at IBM and based on an earlier design by Horst Feistel, the algorithm was submitted to the National Bureau of Standards ( NBS ) following the agency's invitation to propose a candidate for the protection of sensitive, unclassified electronic government data.

The team at IBM involved in cipher design and analysis included Feistel, Walter Tuchman, Don Coppersmith, Alan Konheim, Carl Meyer, Mike Matyas, Roy Adler, Edna Grossman, Bill Notz, Lynn Smith, and Bryant Tuckerman.

The S-boxes of DES were much more resistant to the attack than if they had been chosen at random, strongly suggesting that IBM knew about the technique in the 1970s.

While studying physics at the Case Institute of Technology, Knuth was introduced to the IBM 650, one of the early mainframes.

Database research has taken place at research and development groups of companies ( e. g., notably at IBM Research, who contributed technologies and ideas virtually to any DBMS existing today ), research institutes, and academia.

Edgar Codd worked at IBM in San Jose, California, in one of their offshoot offices that was primarily involved in the development of hard disk systems.

Jack Bresenham at IBM is most famous for the invention of 2D drawing primitives, including line and circle drawing, using only fast integer operations such as addition and branch on carry bit.

The original IBM PC included five 8-bit slots, running at the system clock speed of 4. 77 MHz.

An early functional-flavored language was Lisp, developed by John McCarthy while at Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) for the IBM 700 / 7000 series scientific computers in the late 1950s.

Originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continual use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry.

In late 1953, John W. Backus submitted a proposal to his superiors at IBM to develop a more practical alternative to assembly language for programming their IBM 704 mainframe computer.

IBM approached Digital Research in 1980, at Bill Gates ' suggestion, to negotiate the purchase of a forthcoming version of CP / M called CP / M-86 for the IBM PC.

Measurements at 3.15 cm were obtained on 11 days spread over the interval May 3 to June 19, 1956, using the 50-foot reflector at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory in Washington.

The 10.3-cm observation of Sloanaker was made on May 20, 1958, using the 84-foot reflector at the Maryland Point Observatory of the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory.

Research at Fayette, Missouri on oxidation ponds has shown that the BOD in the treated effluent varied from 30 to 53 mg/l with loadings from 8 to 120 lb.

Dr. Karlis Osis, Director of Research at the Parapsychology Foundation, described the basis for the experiment in a tomorrow article, ( `` New Research On Survival After Death '', Spring 1958 ).

He received his medical degree from Université de Lyon, and practiced in France and in the United States at the University of Chicago and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

Sir Andrew John Wiles, KBE, FRS ( born 11 April 1953 ) is a British mathematician and a Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford University, specializing in number theory.

Research has also shown that abiotic stressors are at their most harmful when they occur together, in combinations of abiotic stress factors.

The Institute of Medical Psychology at the University Hospital in Heidelberg, Germany has set up a Research Department Ayahuasca / Santo Daime, which in May 2008 held a 3-day conference under the title The globalization of Ayahuasca-An Amazonian psychoactive and its users.

In 1924 in the UK the chemist Harold Plenderleith began to work at the British Museum with Dr. Alexander Scott in the newly created Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, thus giving birth to the conservation profession in the UK.

by Sir Alan Walsh at the CSIRO ( Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization ), Division of Chemical Physics, in Melbourne, Australia.

This feature was developed and built with assistance from Trace Research and Development Centre at University of Wisconsin-Madison and Gallaudet University.

In 2007, U. S. Department of Defense ’ s Telemedicine and Advanced Technologies Research Center ( TATRC ) began to study the antimicrobial properties of copper alloys, including four brasses ( C87610, C69300, C26000, C46400 ) in a multi-site clinical hospital trial conducted at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center ( New York City ), the Medical University of South Carolina, and the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center ( South Carolina ).

Research is being conducted at this time to determine whether brass, copper, and other copper alloys can help to reduce cross contamination in public facilities and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections ( hospital acquired infections ) in healthcare facilities.

In 1936, Whorf was appointed Honorary Research Fellow in Anthropology at Yale, and he was invited by Franz Boas to serve on the committee of the Society of American Linguistics ( later Linguistic Society of America ).

The major isotope of berkelium, berkelium-249, is synthesized in minute quantities in dedicated high-flux nuclear reactors, mainly at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, USA, and at the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors in Dimitrovgrad, Russia.

This sample was used to synthesize the element ununseptium for the first time in 2009 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia, after it was bombarded with calcium-48 ions for 150 days.

The first convincing synthesis was in 1981 by a German research team led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung ( Institute for Heavy Ion Research, GSI ) in Darmstadt using the Dubna reaction.

The synthesis of bohrium was first attempted in 1976 by scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna using this cold fusion reaction.

The first genome annotation software system was designed in 1995 by Dr. Owen White, who was part of the team at The Institute for Genomic Research that sequenced and analyzed the first genome of a free-living organism to be decoded, the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae.

Research conducted at the Victoria University of Wellington showed that breasts are often the first thing men look at, and for a longer time than other body parts.