* Ma ' nu III Saphul becomes ruler of Osroene.

* The kingdom of Osroene becomes a vassal kingdom of the Roman Empire.

* The kingdom of Osroene becomes a province of the Roman Empire.

* Abgar II becomes ruler of Osroene.

Osroene was arguably the first state to have a Christian king when Abgar IX is thought to have accepted Christianity under the guidance of Bardaisan.

The Syrian kingdom of Osroene was the first Christian kingdom in history.

Osroene was absorbed into the Roman Empire in 114 as a semi-autonomous vassal state, after a period under Arsacid ( Parthian ) rule, incorporated as a simple Roman province in 214.

After his defeat in Parthia, Parthamaspates again fled to the Romans who then, as a consolation, granted him the co-rule of Osroene, a small Roman client state between Asia Minor and Syria.

For a century Osroene would retain a precarious independence as a buffer state, sandwiched between the two empires.

Osroene, also spelled Osrohene and Osrhoene (; ) and sometimes known by the name of its capital city, Edessa ( modern Şanlıurfa, Turkey ), was a historical kingdom located in upper Mesopotamia, which enjoyed semi-autonomy to complete independence from the years of 132 BC to AD 244.

But the desperate Pompey soon overrode the pompous treaty ; he acknowledged the elder Tigranes, took his son prisoner, occupied the vassal states Gordyene and Osroene for the Romans, and denied the title of " king of kings ," which Phraates had adopted again, to the Parthian king.

Trajan reconquered Nisibis ( Nusaybin in Turkey ), the capital of Osroene Edessa, and Seleucia on the Tigris ( Iraq ), each of which housed large Jewish communities.

Christianity began to take hold in the 1st Century AD and the independent Neo Assyrian states of Adiabene, Osroene and Hatra as well as the Syriac kingdom of Palmyra, were largely ruled by converts to Christianity and Judaism ( Gnostic sects such as Sabianism the still extant Mandeanism also became popular ), though native religions still existed among the populace, gods such as Ashur and Sin were still worshipped at least until the 4th century AD.

In 132 BC, the kingdom of Osroene was founded in Edessa with Syriac as its official language.

In 163, while Statius Priscus was occupied in Armenia, the Parthians intervened in Osroene, a Roman client in upper Mesopotamia, just east of Syria, with its capital at Edessa.

Serapion also acted ( Pantaenus supported to him ) against the influence of Gnosticism in Osroene by consecrating Palut as bishop of Edessa, where Palut addressed the increasingly Gnostic tendencies that the churchman Bardesanes was introducing to its Christian community.

According to the Roman historian Cassius Dio, Pacorus sold the kingdom of Osroene to Abgar VII, and according to Ammianus Marcellinus he enlarged the Parthian capital Ctesiphon and built its walls.

King Kavadh I invades Osroene, and lays siege to the city of Edessa ( Northern Mesopotamia ).

Ardaburius abandoned the siege in the face of an advancing army under Bahram, who in turn besieged Theodosiopolis ( probably Theodosiopolis in Osroene ).

This name eventually changed into Osroene, in assimilation to the Parthian name Osroes or Chosroes ( Khosrau ).

In the second half of the 2nd century BC, as the Seleucid monarchy disintegrated in the wars with Parthia ( 145 – 129 ), Edessa became the capital of the Abgar dynasty, who founded the Kingdom of Osroene ( also known in history as Kingdom of Edessa ).

According to tradition, during his youth he shared the education of a royal prince who afterwards became King of Edessa, perhaps Abgar X bar Manu ( reigned Osroene 202-217 ).

Abgar II ( ruled 68 – 53 BC ) was an Assyrian / Syriac king of Edessa in Osroene ( today part of eastern Turkey ).

A good many pages of the first section are taken up with an account of the dogged determination of the prisoners to write to their wives and families -- even when it becomes clear that the Germans are simply allowing the letters to blow away in the wind.

A professor at the University of Constantinople, where his first course of lectures was on Nietzsche and the `` philosophy of action '', Vincent Berger becomes head of the propaganda department of the German Embassy in Turkey.

Independence Day is the appropriate date as a symbolical reminder of the American article of faith that governments are instituted among men to secure to them certain inalienable rights, the first of which is life, and when any government becomes subversive of that end, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it.

* 2004 – Rolandas Paksas becomes the first president of Lithuania to be peacefully removed from office by impeachment.

* 1961 – The Russian ( Soviet ) cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first manned orbital flight, in Vostok 3KA-2 ( Vostok 1 ).

* 1902 – Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to ride in an automobile.

* 1890 – At Auburn Prison in New York, murderer William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed by electric chair.

* 1926 – Gertrude Ederle becomes the first woman to swim across the English Channel.

* 1942 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands becomes the first reigning queen to address a joint session of the United States Congress.

* 1991 – Takako Doi, chair of the Social Democratic Party, becomes Japan's first female speaker of the House of Representatives.

* 1965 – Singapore is expelled from Malaysia and becomes the first and only country to date to gain independence unwillingly.

* 1974 – As a direct result of the Watergate scandal, Richard Nixon becomes the first President of the United States to resign from office.

The first approach is to compute the statistical moments by separating the data into bins and then computing the moments from the geometry of the resulting histogram, which effectively becomes a one-pass algorithm for higher moments.

If we neglect higher than first order terms in the fluctuations, the mass balance equation becomes

* 1498 – Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to visit what is now Venezuela.

* 1980 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is elected President of Iceland and becomes the world's first democratically elected female head of state

* 1912 – Harriet Quimby becomes the first woman to fly an airplane across the English Channel.

* 1893 – France becomes the first country to introduce motor vehicle registration.

* 1995 – In South Carolina, Shannon Faulkner becomes the first female cadet matriculated at The Citadel ( she drops out less than a week later ).

* 1913 – Tōhoku Imperial University of Japan ( modern day Tohoku University ) becomes the first university in Japan to admit female students.

* 1978 – Double Eagle II becomes first balloon to cross the Atlantic Ocean when it lands in Miserey, France near Paris, 137 hours after leaving Presque Isle, Maine.

* 2008 – American swimmer Michael Phelps becomes the first person to win eight gold medals in one Olympic Games.

* 1587 – Virginia Dare, granddaughter of Governor John White of the Colony of Roanoke, becomes the first English child born in the Americas.

* 1963 – American civil rights movement: James Meredith becomes the first black person to graduate from the University of Mississippi.