* 982 – Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria

# Hedwig ( d. 1203 ), married to Otto II, Margrave of Meissen

Among their children, four lived to maturity: Henry, born in 952 ; Bruno, born 953 ; Matilda, the first Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg, born about 954 ; and Otto II, later Holy Roman Emperor, born 955.

When her husband Otto I died in 973 he was succeeded by their son Otto II, and Adelaide for some years exercised a powerful influence at court.

Later, however, her daughter-in-law, the Byzantine princess Theophano, turned her husband Otto II against his mother, and she was driven from court in 978 ; she lived partly in Italy, and partly with her brother Conrad, king of Burgundy, by whose mediation she was ultimately reconciled to her son ; in 983 Otto appointed her as his viceroy in Italy.

The defeat was so decisive that Otto was deposed and replaced by Frederick II Hohenstaufen, Ferrand and Renaud were captured and imprisoned and King John of England was forced to sign the Magna Carta by his discontented barons.

In the aftermath of the battle, Otto retreated to his castle of Harzburg and was soon overthrown as Holy Roman Emperor, and replaced by Frederick II.

When, after the death of Emperor Otto I in 973, a struggle for the supremacy in Germany began, both Dobrawa's husband and brother Boleslav II the Pious, Duke of Bohemia, supported the same candidate for the German throne, Duke Henry II of Bavaria.

Between 1240 and 1270, Dachau was granted market privileges, first by Duke Otto II, and then by his son, Duke Ludwig II der Strenge.

After the removal of the powerful Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1890 following the death of Emperor Wilhelm I, the young Emperor Wilhelm II engaged in increasingly reckless foreign policies that left the Empire isolated.

In 983, when Henry II, Duke of Bavaria rebelled against the then child Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor, the Magyars occupied Melk.

This also renewed the conflict with the Eastern Emperor in Constantinople, especially after Otto's son Otto II ( r. 967 – 83 ) adopted the designation imperator Romanorum.

Their son, Otto III, focused his attention on Italy and Rome and employed widespread diplomacy but died young in 1002, to be succeeded by his cousin Henry II, who focused on Germany.

As his son, Frederick II, though already elected king, was still a small child and living in Sicily, German princes chose to elect an adult king, which resulted in the dual election of Frederick Barbarossa's youngest son Philip of Swabia and Henry the Lion's son Otto of Brunswick, who competed for the crown.

Pope Innocent III, who feared the threat posed by a union of the Empire and Sicily, now supported Sicily's king Frederick II, who marched to Germany and defeated Otto.

Pope Innocent III initially had supported the Welfs, but when Otto, now sole elected monarch, moved to appropriate Sicily, Innocent changed sides and accepted young Frederick II and his ally, King Philip II of France, who defeated Otto at the 1214 Battle of Bouvines.

His grandson, Otto II, was the first to take the fortress name as his own, adding " von Habsburg " to his title.

If Philip II Augustus supported Philip of Swabia, member of the House of Hohenstaufen, then Richard Lionheart supported Otto IV, member of the House of Welf.

After Albert the Fat's death in 1318, Göttingen passed to his eldest son Otto the Mild, who governed over both the " Principality of Göttingen " () and the territory of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.

* Vita Mathildis reginae antiquior ( c. 974, written for her grandson Otto II ), ed.

Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, from Registrum Gregorii, c. 983

Pope Gregory V, né Bruno of Carinthia ( c. 972 – 18 February 999 ) was Pope from 3 May 996 to 18 February 999, a son of the Salian Otto I, Duke of Carinthia, who was a grandson of the Emperor Otto I the Great.

** Otto von Pack, German conspirator ( b. c. 1480 )

* September 22 – Otto of Freising, German bishop and chronicler ( b. c. 1114 )

* Pfohl, Ferdinand: 5 poems (" Moon-rondels, fantastic scenes from ' Pierrot Lunaire '") for voice and piano ( 1891 ); Marschalk, Max: 5 poems for voice and piano ( 1901 ); Vrieslander, Otto: 50 poems for voice and piano ( 46 in 1905, 4 more in 1911 ); Graener, Paul: 3 poems for voice and piano ( c. 1908 ); Marx, Joseph: 4 poems for voice and piano ( 1909 ; 1 of 4, " Valse de Chopin ", reset for voice, piano, and string quartet in 1917 ); Schoenberg, Arnold: 21 poems for speaking voice, piano, flute ( also piccolo ), clarinet ( also bass clarinet ), violin ( also viola ), and violoncello ( 1912 ); Kowalski, Max: 12 poems for voice and piano ( 1913 ); Prohaska, Carl: 6 poems for voice and piano ( 1920 ); Lothar, Mark: 1 poem for voice and piano ( 1921 ).

* July 28 – Thankmar, half-brother of Otto I ( during Siege of Eresburg ) ( b. c. 908 )

He dedicated the chronicles to Abbess Matilda of Quedlinburg ( c. 955999 ), daughter of Emperor Otto the Great, like himself a descendant of the Saxon leader Widukind.

** Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Duke of Swabia ( c. 1175 – 1218 )

# Marie ( c. 1190 – May 1260 ), married in Maastricht after May 19, 1214 Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, married July 1220 Count William I of Holland

The Magdeburger Reiter: a tinted sandstone equestrian monument, c. 1240, traditionally intended as a portrait of Otto I ( detail ), Magdeburg

Otto von Freising ( Otto Frisingensis ) ( c. 1114 in Klosterneuburg – 22 September 1158 ) was a German bishop and chronicler.

Otto Brunfels ( c. 1489 – 1534 ), Leonhart Fuchs ( 1501 – 1566 ) and Hieronymus Bock ( 1498 – 1554 ) were known as the " German fathers of botany " although this title belies the fact that they trod in the steps of the scientifically feted Hildegard of Bingen whose writings on herbalism were Physica and Causae et Curae ( together known as Liber subtilatum ) of 1150.

* Otto of Freising ( c. 1114-1158 ), bishop and chronicler

Otto I of Hesse ( c. 1272, Marburg – 17 January 1328, Kassel ), Landgrave of Hesse.

* Otto of Freising ( c. 1114 – 1158 )

Hands in prayer by Otto Greiner, c. 1900

Meinhard's wife from 1258 was Elisabeth of Bavaria ( c. 1227 – 73 ), the daughter of Duke Otto II and widow of King Conrad IV, King of the Romans.

Otto Wagner's Majolika Haus in Vienna ( c. 1898 ) is a significant example of the Austrian use of line.

Otto von Pack ( c. 1480 – 8 February 1537 ), German conspirator, studied at the University of Leipzig, and obtained a responsible position under George, Duke of Saxony, which he lost owing to his dishonesty.

), Isidore of Seville ( c. 560 – 636 ), Jans der Enikel, Matthew Paris ( c. 1200-1259 ), Ranulf Higdon ( c. 1280-1363 ), Rudolf von Ems, Sigebert of Gembloux ( c. 1030 – 1112 ), Otto von Freising ( c. 1114 – 1158 ), and Vincent of Beauvais ( c.

he became Otto Klemperer's personal assistant at the Cologne Opera, and a year later was promoted to the position of regular conductor.

After a comparison of the substances half-lives determined by Debierne, Hariett Brooks in 1904, and Otto Hahn and Otto Sackur in 1905, Debierne's chosen name for the new element was retained because it had seniority.

In 1938, the German chemist Otto Hahn, a student of Rutherford, directed neutrons onto uranium atoms expecting to get transuranium elements.

A year later, Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Frisch verified that Hahn's result were the first experimental nuclear fission.

In Art and Artist ( 1932 ), the psychologist Otto Rank wrote that the psychological trauma of birth was the pre-eminent human symbol of existential anxiety and encompasses the creative person's simultaneous fear of – and desire for – separation, individuation and differentiation.

* 1884 – Otto Meyerhof, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1677 – Otto Ferdinand von Abensberg und Traun, Austrian field marshal ( d. 1748 )

Schweitzer saw many operas of Richard Wagner at Straßburg ( under Otto Lohse ), and in 1896 he pulled together the funds to visit Bayreuth to see Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen and Parsifal, and was deeply affected.

* 1913 – Otto Witte, an acrobat, is purportedly crowned King of Albania.

* 1881 – Otto Toeplitz, German mathematician ( d. 1940 )

* 1900 – Otto Nothling, Australian cricketer and rugby player ( d. 1965 )

* 936 – Coronation of King Otto I of Germany.

Otto Faller 1955, Vol.

Otto Faller 1962, Vol.

Otto Faller 1964, Vol.

Otto Faller ( Vol.

1-6, 1968 ); Otto Faller, M. Zelzer ( Vol.

* 1892 – Otto Messmer, American cartoonist ( d. 1983 )

Albert was the only son of Otto, Count of Ballenstedt, and Eilika, daughter of Magnus Billung, Duke of Saxony.

* 1248 – The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III, the Archbishop of Utrecht.

In 936, Otto I was crowned king of the kingdom in the collegiate church built by Charlemagne.

In addition to holding the remains of its founder, it became the burial place of his successor Otto III.