* July 28 – In the Iranian presidential election, electors overwhelming elect Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani as President of Iran and endorse changes to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran increasing the powers of the president.

** Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former President of Iran

Mohammad Daoud Khan, the President of the Republic of Afghanistan from 1973 to 1978, was ousted during the Saur Revolution ( April Revolution ) following the death of Mir Akbar Khyber, a Parchamite politician from the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan ( PDPA ) who died under mysterious circumstances.

In November 2006, an Argentine judge issued an arrest warrant for former Iranian President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and eight other ex-officials in relation to the 1994 bombing of the Jewish-Argentine Mutual Association ( AMIA ) community center in Buenos Aires which killed 85 people.

* In Tehran, Iran, Afghanistan's ousted president Burhanuddin Rabbani arrived for talks with President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani to discuss developments in Afghanistan.

The ensuing imboglio, dubbed the " Hello Garci " Scandal, included several mentions of Basilan and its late governor, Wahab Akbar, in taped conversations purportedly between President Arroyo and COMELEC Commissioner Virgilio Garcillano.

In 2006, after prosecutors in Argentina asked a judge to order the arrest of a former Iranian President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and other members of his government in connection with the AMIA bombing, Bronfman said that " Iran is a state sponsor of terrorism ", adding that " the entire international community has a moral responsibility to ensure that Iran is held accountable for its terrorist actions.

Later, he became the Parliamentary Deputy to the Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi, when he started to write the weekly column Naghd-e Haal in the Ettela ' at newspaper, and then Vice President of Parliamentary Affairs under Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.

Hamzah was then elected as Vice President after defeating Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Akbar Tanjung in the Vice Presidential elections.

Red Eminence and Grey Eminences ( " Alijenabe Sorkhpoosh, Alijenabane Khakestari ") is name of series of articles and a book written by Akbar Ganji in newspaper under the responsibility of Saeed Hajjarian, in which he criticized former President Rafsanjani as the " Red Eminence " and the intelligence officers in his government, such as Ali Fallahian as the " Grey Eminences ".

The five ministers since the founding of the ministry, have been Mohammad Reyshahri ( under Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi ), Ali Fallahian ( under President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ), Ghorbanali Dorri-Najafabadi ( under President Mohammad Khatami, resigned after a year ), Ali Younessi ( under President Khatami, until August 24, 2005 ), Gholam Hossein Mohseni-Ejehei ( under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, from August 24, 2005 to August 24, 2009 ) and Heyder Moslehi ( under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, from August 29, 2009 )

After election of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani as President of Iran, He was appointed Deputy Minister of Information and Communications Technology.

On 20 April 2004, the Golkar Convention voted to nominate him for President over DPR Speaker Akbar Tanjung in the second round of voting.

Yudhoyono was nominated for Vice President after the MPR selected Megawati to succeed Abdurrahman Wahid, but he lost the election to PPP Chairman Hamzah Haz and DPR Speaker Akbar Tanjung.

Hamzah Haz was elected Vice President by the MPR after defeating DPR Speaker Akbar Tanjung when it removed President Abdurrahman Wahid from office in 2001.

* Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council and a former President of Iran, who has won the support of several parties from both of the wings ( and may still win more support ), but is considered to be leaned towards the conservatives more than towards the reformists.

Valayati had confirmed that he does not accept the support of the Council for Coordination and will run independently, unless Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, who was the President of Iran during Velayati's ministership, runs.

During his first term as speaker of Parliament, Karroubi was among the maktabi or " radical " faction of the majlis who contested the policies of President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.

He remained in that post for two more terms under President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani from 1989 to 1997.

This was mainly achieved by hiring the services of Horton Investments, an Iranian consultancy firm owned by Mehdi Hashemi Rafsanjani, son of former Iranian President Hashemi Rafsanjani.

* Former President of Iran Hashemi Rafsanjani was born in Nough ( نوق ), near Rafsanjan

He served as Minister of Interior for four years in President Hashemi Rafsanjani's first term cabinet.

The appointment was seen as a move to sideline or weaken former President Hashemi Rafsanjani who heads the Expediency Council, a body set up to arbitrate disputes within the ruling system in the Islamic Republic.

* Hashemi Shahroudi opposing President Khatami's actions

Abolhassan Bani-Sadr, first elected President of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution, claimed in a December 17, 1992 letter to the U. S. Congress, that he had first learned of the Republican " secret deal " in July 1980 after Reza Passendideh, a nephew of Khomeini, attended a meeting with Cyrus Hashemi and Republican lawyer Stanley Pottinger in Madrid on July 2, 1980.

Moeen was the Minister of Culture and Higher Education under President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ( 1989-1993 ) and President Mohammad Khatami ( 1997-2000 ), and later became the Minister of Science, Research, and Technology ( the same post, with a changed name ) under President Khatami ( 2000-2003 ).

In 1984, Iranian President Ali-Akbar Rafsanjani said, " all Iranians from 12 to 72 should volunteer for the Holy War.

Of particular note is the victory of pragmatist Ayatollah Rafsanjani list, over hard-line candidates associated with President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad for positions in the 86-member Assembly of Experts.

Rafsanjani lost out to Ahmadinejad in the 2005 election runoff for President.

Ayatollah Rafsanjani was elected his successor as chairman, beating Ayatollah Ahmad Jannati, an ally of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, by 41 to 30 votes.

The President and his advisers felt that the time might have come to warn Premier Khrushchev against a grave miscalculation in areas such as Berlin, Iran or Latin America from which there would be no turning back.

* 2005 – Mahmoud Ahmadinejad becomes President of Iran.

* 1981 – President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar of Iran are assassinated in a bombing committed by the People's Mujahedin of Iran.

On 15 May 2006, Ahmed Abdallah Sambi, a cleric and successful businessman educated in Iran, Saudi Arabia and Sudan, was declared the winner of elections for President of the Republic.

Some public opinion has started to turn against Hezbollah for their support of Syrian President Assad's attacks on the opposition movement in Syria Crowds in Cairo shouted out against Iran and Hezbollah, at a public speech by Hamas President Ismail Haniya in February 2012, when Hamas changed its support to the Syrian opposition.

* 2002 – In his State of the Union Address, President George W. Bush describes " regimes that sponsor terror " as an Axis of Evil, in which he includes Iraq, Iran and North Korea.

* 1981 – Twenty minutes after Ronald Reagan is inaugurated, at age 69 the oldest man ever to be inaugurated as U. S. President, Iran releases 52 American hostages.

*** President of Iran

President Ortega's decision to support radical regimes such as Iran and Cuba, his harsh rhetoric against the United States and capitalism, and his use of government institutions to persecute political enemies and their businesses, has had a negative effect on perceptions of country risk, which by some accounts has quadrupled since he assumed office.

* 1943 – World War II: Tehran Conference – U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin meet in Tehran, Iran to discuss war strategy.

* 1979 – Iran hostage crisis: in response to the hostage situation in Tehran, US President Jimmy Carter orders a halt to all petroleum imports into the United States from Iran.

* 1979 – Iran hostage crisis: US President Jimmy Carter issues Executive order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the United States in response to the hostage crisis.

Khalid Meshaal, the leader of Hamas, President Bashar al-Assad of Syria, and President Ahmadinejad of Iran urged all Arab states with remaining ties to Israel to cut them.

In 2009, RAWA and other women's rights groups strongly condemned a " Shia Family Code " which is claimed to legalise spousal rape within Northern Afghan Shia Muslim communities, as well as endorsing child marriage, purdah ( seclusion ) for married women, which was passed by President Hamid Karzai to garner support for his coalition government from hardline elements within the aforesaid communities, as well as the neighbouring Shia-dominated Islamic Republic of Iran.

* 2009 – U. S. President Barack Obama, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and French President Nicolas Sarkozy, in a joint TV appearance for a G-20 summit, accused Iran of building a secret nuclear enrichment facility.

In his January 2002 state of the union address to Congress, President George W. Bush spoke of an " axis of evil " consisting of Iran, North Korea, and Iraq.

< imagemap > File: 1970s decade montage. png | From left, clockwise: US President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office after the Watergate scandal in 1974 ; Refugees aboard a US naval boat after the Fall of Saigon, leading to the end of the Vietnam War in 1975 ; The 1973 oil crisis puts the nation of America in gridlock ; Both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978 ; The 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500, 000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970 ; The Iranian Revolution of 1979 transformed Iran from an autocratic pro-western monarchy to a theocratic Islamist government under the leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini ; The popularity of the disco music genre peaked during the middle to late 1970s .| 420px | thumb

* President Abulhassan Banisadr ( Iran )

* President Mohammad-Ali Rajai ( Iran )

* President Ali Khamenei ( Iran )