" Critics believed that An American in Paris was better crafted than his lukewarm Concerto in F. Some did not think it belonged in a program with classical composers César Franck, Richard Wagner, or Guillaume Lekeu on its premiere.

He studied organ there from 1885 – 1893 with Eugène Munch, organist of the Protestant Temple, who inspired Schweitzer with his profound enthusiasm for the music of German composer Richard Wagner.

Schweitzer saw many operas of Richard Wagner at Straßburg ( under Otto Lohse ), and in 1896 he pulled together the funds to visit Bayreuth to see Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen and Parsifal, and was deeply affected.

* 1930 – Cosima Wagner, Hungarian daughter of Franz Liszt and widow of Richard Wagner ( b. 1837 )

This was intended to be the nec plus ultra of reform opera, a completely new synthesis of poetry and music that was an 18th-century anticipation of the ideals of Richard Wagner.

Natural instruments are still played for period performances and some ceremonial functions, and are occasionally found in more modern scores, such as those by Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.

: Richard Wagner

* Der Ring des Nibelungen by Richard Wagner ( opera, composed 1848-1874 )

* Parsifal by Richard Wagner ( opera, composed 1880-1882 )

Several of Bulwer-Lytton's novels were made into operas, one of which, Rienzi, der Letzte der Tribunen ( 1842 ) by Richard Wagner, eventually became more famous than the novel.

* Richard E. Wagner

In opera, a new Romantic atmosphere combining supernatural terror and melodramatic plot in a folkloric context was first successfully achieved by Carl Maria von Weber ( 1786 – 1826 ) and perfected by Richard Wagner ( 1813 – 1883 ) in his Ring Cycle.

Tchaikovsky also was of great influence, followed by Rimsky-Korsakov, Richard Strauss and Wagner.

In this, he had the support of Hitler, a passionate devotee of Richard Wagner.

His works were labelled old-fashioned by the ' New German School ' whose principal figures included Liszt and Richard Wagner.

The arts and politics became increasingly influenced by the court ( see Orlando di Lasso, Heinrich Schuetz and later Mozart and Richard Wagner ).

It may also be a euphemism for masturbation, as Richard Wagner accused Nietzsche of masturbating too much.

The composer Richard Wagner ( 1813 – 83 ) ( Der Ring des Nibelungen, 1853 – 70 ) and playwright Henrik Ibsen ( 1828 – 1906 ) were prominent in their critiques of contemporary civilization and for warnings that accelerating " progress " would lead to the creation of individuals detached from social values and isolated from their fellow men.

Some composers, notably Richard Wagner, have written their own libretti ; others have worked in close collaboration with their librettists, e. g. Mozart with Lorenzo Da Ponte.

By the 19th century, accompagnato had gained the upper hand, the orchestra played a much bigger role, and Richard Wagner revolutionised opera by abolishing almost all distinction between aria and recitative in his quest for what he termed " endless melody ".

Illustration inspired by Richard Wagner | Wagner's music drama Das Rheingold

Richard Wagner in 1871

At the same time, the influence of Richard Wagner was felt as a challenge to the French tradition.

Der Ring des Nibelungen ( The Ring of the Nibelung ) is a cycle of four epic operas by the German composer Richard Wagner ( 1813 – 83 ).

* February 13 – Richard Wagner, German composer ( b. 1813 )

Image: Richard_Wagner_by_Caesar_Willich_ca_1862. jpg | Richard Wagner ( 1813 – 1883 )

The church, built in the Gothic style, was built between 1932 and 1935 with a donation from Richard Beatty Mellon ( 1858 – 1933 ) as a memorial to his parents, Thomas Mellon ( 1813 – 1908 ) and Sarah Jane Negley, who were active members of the church.

Sir Francis Richard Grey ( 31 March 1813 – 22 March 1890 ) married Lady Elizabeth Howard ( 1816 – 1891 ), daughter of George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle and Georgiana Cavendish ( daughter of Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire ).

Indian leader Tecumseh killed in battle in 1813 by Richard Mentor Johnson | Richard M. Johnson, who later becomes Vice president

Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos KG, PC ( 20 March 1776 – 17 January 1839 ), styled Earl Temple from 1784 to 1813 and known as The Marquess of Buckingham from 1813 to 1822, was a British landowner and politician.

* Richard George Lumley, 9th Earl of Scarbrough ( 1813 – 1884 )

* William Richard Arthur Pole-Tylney-Long-Wellesley, 5th Earl of Mornington ( 1813 – 1863 )

* Richard Tighe ( 1813 ) A Short Account of the Life and Writings of the Late Rev.

Richard FitzPatrick ( 24 January 1748 – 25 April 1813 )

During his term of service, Barbour persuaded the Senate to pass a resolution giving an honorary sword to Colonel Richard Mentor Johnson of Kentucky for his efforts in the Battle of the Thames in 1813.

Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet ( 1768 – 31 August 1813 ) was an engineer in the British Army known for his work on the Lines of Torres Vedras.

* Richard Philpott ( 1813 – 88 ), English cricketer who resided in Brenchley at the time of his death.

One of the key promoters for a canal was Richard Prat, who was a lawyer in Glastonbury, had been the town clerk since 1813, and held several important offices in the town.

It deceived the antiquarian Richard Fenton, who described it as yellow freestone in his book of travels published soon after 1813.

Colonel Richard M. Johnson led a supply line to Fort Wayne in 1813, which was attacked.

On 7 July 1813, Colonel Richard Mentor Johnson arrived at Fort Wayne with 700 dragoons and a flotilla of flatboats with supplies.

John Baker was born at Ilminster in Somerset, England, on 28 December 1813 to Richard Chaffey Baker and his wife Mary, née Anstice.

Only two are believed to remain in Canada, one of which is on the grounds of Nova Scotia's Uniacke House ( 1813 ), a rural estate built by Richard John Uniacke, an Irish-born Attorney-General of Nova Scotia.