* 1888 – Gerhard Ritter, German historian ( d. 1967 )

Gerhard Ritter was the only Freiburg faculty member to attend the funeral, as an anti-Nazi protest.

Explaining the internal impact of the DDR regime from the perspective of German history in the long term, historian Gerhard A. Ritter ( 2002 ) has argued that the East German state was defined by two dominant forces – Soviet Communism on the one hand, and German traditions filtered through the interwar experiences of German Communists on the other.

* July 1 – Gerhard Ritter, German historian ( b. 1888 )

* Ritter, Gerhard The Schlieffen plan, Critique of a Myth, foreword by B. H. Liddell Hart.

* Gerhard Ritter — Ein historisches Urbild zu Goethes Faust ( Agrippa von Nettesheym )

* Ritter, Gerhard The Sword and the Scepter ; the Problem of Militarism in Germany, translated from the German by Heinz Norden, Coral Gables, Fla., University of Miami Press 1969-73.

Later recipients include Arthur Compton ( 1954 ), Hermann Hesse ( 1954 ), Albert Schweitzer ( 1954 ), Thomas Mann ( 1955 ), Oskar Kokoschka ( 1955 ), Carl Orff ( 1956 ), Erwin Schrödinger ( 1956 ), Thornton Wilder ( 1956 ), Karl Schmidt-Rottluff ( 1956 ), Werner Heisenberg ( 1957 ), Gerhard Ritter ( 1957 ), Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ( 1957 ), Percy Ernst Schramm ( 1958 ), Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker ( 1961 ), Karl Jaspers ( 1964 ), Otto Klemperer ( 1967 ), Carl Zuckmayer ( 1967 ), Henry Moore ( 1972 ), Raymond Aron ( 1973 ), George F. Kennan ( 1976 ), Friedrich Hayek ( 1977 ), Karl Popper ( 1980 ), Eugène Ionesco ( 1983 ), Hans Bethe ( 1984 ), Gordon A. Craig ( 1990 ), Rudolf Mößbauer ( 1996 ), Umberto Eco ( 1998 ), Hans Magnus Enzensberger ( 1999 ), and Wim Wenders ( 2005 ).

* Gerhard A. Ritter / Susanne Miller ( Hg.

Goerdeler's upbringing was described by his biographer and friend Gerhard Ritter as a part of a large, loving middle-class family that was cultured, devoutly Lutheran, nationalist, and conservative.

Hitler himself found Goerdeler's report objectionable, and Hitler's " Four-Year Plan Memorandum " may have been written in part as a reply to Goerdeler's memorandum ( Gerhard Ritter favored this theory whereas Gerhard Weinberg rejects it ) On September 4, 1936 speaking before the German Cabinet, Göring cited Goerdeler's memorandum as an example of flawed economic thinking, and announced that Germany would pursue heavy military spending, protectionism, and autarky regardless of the economic consequences.

To assist with the drafting of the future constitution, Goerdeler enlisted the help, through his friend Dietrich Bonhoeffer, of the so-called Freiburger Kreis ( Freiburg Circle ), an anti-Nazi discussion group of professors at Freiburg University founded in 1938 and which included Adolf Lampe, Erich Wolf, Walter Eucken, Constantin von Dietze, and Gerhard Ritter.

Goerdeler's friend, the historian Gerhard Ritter who shared the same prison with him reported that Goerdeler was never tortured, but was instead subjected to " the overheating of cells, painfully tight shackling especially at night, bright light shining on one's face while one tried to sleep, completely insufficient food ".

Goerdeler's friend, the historian Gerhard Ritter saw Goerdeler in prison in January 1945 and reported: I was ... astonished at his undiminished intellectual power, but at the same time I was shocked by his outward appearance.

" Fischer's claims set off the so-called " Fischer Controversy " of the early 1960s when German historians led by Gerhard Ritter attempted to rebut Fischer, but, as the Australian historian John Moses noted in 1999, the documentary evidence introduced by Fischer is extremely persuasive in arguing that Germany was responsible for World War I.

Many German historians in the 1960s such as Gerhard Ritter who liked to argue that Hitler was just a ' Betriebsunfall ' ( an unfortunate accident ) of history with no real connection to German history were outraged by Fischer's publication of these documents and attacked his work as " anti-German ".

His works inspired other historians, such as Gerhard Ritter, to write books and articles in direct response to his war-aims thesis.

* Gerhard Ritter: " 4 Role in Fischer Controversy "

In the 2000 edition of The Nazi Dictatorship, Kershaw wrote he considered Gerhard Ritter's claim that one “ madman ” ( i. e. Hitler ) single-handedy caused World War II to that of a German apologist, and that he found the historical approach of Ritter ’ s arch-enemy Fritz Fischer to be a far better way of understanding German history.

* Gerhard Albert Ritter, Frederick the Great, University of California Press, 1975

In the assessment of Gerhard Ritter and others, Nazism was a totalitarian movement that represented only the work of a small criminal clique ; Germans were victims of Nazism, and the Nazi era represented a total break in German history.

** The West German historians Klaus Hildebrand, Gerhard Ritter, and Andreas Hillgruber rejected the Sonderweg view, while the British historian A. J. P. Taylor and the West German historians Hans-Ulrich Wehler, Wolfgang Mommsen, Hans Mommsen and Fritz Fischer supported it.

: Not to be confused with Gerhard A. Ritter ( born 1929 )

* 1779 – Carl Ritter, German geographer ( d. 1859 )

( 1937 ) relied heavily on other theorists such as Ludwig Ritter von Eimannsberger, whose major book, The Tank War ( Der Kampfwagenkrieg ) ( 1934 ) gained a wide audience in the German Army.

* 1776 – Johann Wilhelm Ritter, German physicist ( d. 1810 )

In 1801, the German physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter made the discovery of ultraviolet by noting that the rays from a prism darkened silver chloride preparations more quickly than violet light.

The German word for English " knight " is Ritter, the Dutch ridder, the Swedish riddare, which is the cognate of English " rider "-but which carries vast social implications absent from the English word.

* 1892 – Robert Ritter von Greim, German field marshal ( d. 1945 )

The Germanic languages feature terms cognate to the English rider: German Ritter, and Dutch and Scandinavian ridder.

The German and Austrian equivalent of an hereditary knight is a Ritter.

The first was Hermann Göring, the second was Generaloberst Robert Ritter von Greim as the second ( and last ) commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, concomitant with his promotion to Generalfeldmarschall, the last German officer in World War II to be promoted to the highest rank.

Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach ( 14 November 1775 – 29 May 1833 ) was a German legal scholar.

The statements were produced by Karl Ritter von Halt after Edström had sent him increasingly threatening letters, warning that if evidence against Nurmi is not provided, he " will unfortunately have to take stringent action against the German Athletics Association.

In 1801, the German physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter made the discovery of ultraviolet by noting that the rays from a prism darkened silver chloride preparations more quickly than violet light.

* 1876 – Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German field marshal ( d. 1956 )

In 1801, the German physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter made the hallmark observation that invisible rays just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum darkened silver chloride-soaked paper more quickly than violet light itself.

** Max Ritter von Müller, German World War I fighter ace ( b. 1887 )

* July 26 – Maximilian Ritter von Pohl, German army and air force officer ( b. 1893 )

* May 24 – Robert Ritter von Greim, German field marshal ( suicide ) ( b. 1892 )

* September 28 – Carl Ritter, German geographer ( b. 1779 )

** Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German field marshal ( b. 1876 )

* April 15 – Maximilian Ritter von Pohl, German army and air force officer ( d. 1951 )