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* Rollo of Normandy, founder of Normandy.
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Rollo and Normandy
Led by Rollo, some Vikings had settled in Normandy and were granted the land, first as counts and then as dukes, by King Charles the Simple, in order to protect the land from other raiders.
* 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
In 1066, King Harald Hardråde of Norway invaded England, only to be defeated by Harold Godwinson, who in turn was defeated by William of Normandy, descendant of the Viking Rollo, who had accepted Normandy as a fief from the Frankish King.
The fiefdom of Normandy was created for the Viking leader Rollo ( also known as Robert of Normandy ).
Charles gave Rollo the title of duke and granted him and his followers possession of Normandy.
William was a Norman French-speaking fifth-generation descendant of the Viking war-leader Rollo, the first Scandinavian ruler of Normandy ; but Norman historians since Dudo of St. Quentin still celebrated the old Norse heritage of the ducal dynasty.
* Rollo of Normandy, founder and first ruler of the Viking principality of Normandy ( also known as Hrolf Ganger in Icelandic / Norwegian sagas ).
Rollo of Normandy then lifts his siege of Paris.
* Rollo of Normandy, the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy ( in Old Norse sources identified with Hrolf Ganger )
Rollo ( c. 846 – c. 931 ), baptised Robert and so sometimes numbered Robert I to distinguish him from his descendants, was a Norse nobleman of Norwegian or Danish descent and founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy.
Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword.
Rollo is the subject of the 17th century play Rollo Duke of Normandy written by John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, Ben Jonson, and George Chapman.
* D. C. Douglas, " Rollo of Normandy ", English Historical Review, Vol.
* Stewart Baldwin Henry Project: " Rollo " of Normandy ", on disputed parentage of Rollo
Ragnar's forays into France were traditional for the Danish monarchs, with such men as Gudfred, Harald Klak and Hygelac among his predecessors ; Rollo of Normandy his future and ultimate successor of the Frankish policy in making the Danes fief-holders of Frisia.
In 911, the French Carolingian ruler Charles the Simple allowed a group of Vikings under their leader Rollo to settle in Normandy as part of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte.
According to Adémar de Chabannes, just before his death in 932 or 933 Rollo ( founder and first ruler of the Viking principality of Normandy ) practised human sacrifices to appease the pagan gods, and at the same time made gifts to the churches in Normandy.
Rollo and founder
The claimed line leading to Rollo includes Rognvald Eysteinsson, the founder of the Earldom of Orkney.
* Rollo, occasionally known as Rollo the Viking, ( c. 860-c. 932 ), founder and first ruler of Normandy
This statue of Rollo of Normandy | Rollo the Viking ( founder of the fiefdom of Normandy ) stands in Falaise, Calvados, birthplace of his descendant William I of England | William I the Conqueror ( the Duke of Normandy who became King of England ).
The Cathedral also contains the tomb of Rollo ( Hrólfr, Rou ( f ) or Robert ), one of Richard's ancestors, the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy.
Rollo and .
In 1761 during the Seven Years War a British expedition against Dominica led by Lord Rollo was successful and the island was conquered along with several other Caribbean islands.
* 911 – Rollo lays siege to Chartres.
Later in the year Twiddle's ex-pupil, " boy prodigy " Rollo Rhubarb joined them.
The ever-smug Rollo is always trying to outwit Hans and Fritz, but his cunning plans often backfire.
Rollo had besieged Paris but in 911 entered vassalage to the king of the West Franks, Charles the Simple, through the Treaty of Saint Clair-sur-Epte.
In exchange for his homage and fealty, Rollo legally gained the territory which he and his Viking allies had previously conquered.
The descendants of Rollo and his followers adopted the local Gallo-Romantic language and intermarried with the area's original inhabitants.
In the Ile Saint-Jean Campaign ( 1758 ) General Jeffery Amherst ordered Colonel Andrew Rollo to capture the island.
Under his reign the Normans of Rollo were evangelized.
* Pie Menus for Windows, Dr. Dobb's Journal, Nov., 1992, pp 30 – 39, by Carl Rollo.
* Pie Menus Demonstration in Java, by Carl Rollo.
In 911, French King Charles the Simple was able to make an agreement with the Viking warleader Rollo, a chieftain of disputed Norwegian or Danish origins.
In return, Rollo swore fealty to Charles, converted to Christianity, and undertook to defend the northern region of France against the incursions of other Viking groups.
Permanent Scandinavian settlement occurred before 911, when an agreement was reached between Rollo, one of the Viking leaders, and King Charles the Simple of France, surrendering the county of Rouen to Rollo.
Rollo has multiple meanings.
Normandy and founder
* Hrolf Ganger, Norwegian jarl and founder of Normandy
Normandy and .
when the pope, trying no doubt to appeal to his better nature, said to him, `` You have already taken Normandy.
The operation was doomed to fail, and was intended to develop and try new amphibious landing tactics for the coming full invasion in Normandy.
Ealdred supported Harold as king, but when Harold was defeated at the Battle of Hastings, Ealdred backed Edgar the Ætheling and then endorsed King William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy and a distant relative of King Edward's.
William never quite trusted Ealdred or the other English leaders, and Ealdred had to accompany William back to Normandy in 1067, but he had returned to York by the time of his death in 1069.
In March 1067, William took Ealdred with him when William returned to Normandy, along with the other English leaders Earl Edwin of Mercia, Earl Morcar, Edgar the Ætheling, and Archbishop Stigand.
Alexander's marriage with Henry's illegitimate daughter Sybilla de Normandy may have occurred as early as 1107, or as at late as 1114.
Alexander is depicted troubled by his lack of direct heirs, having no child with his wife Sybilla of Normandy.
* 1944 – World War II: Nine German E-boats attacked US and UK units during Exercise Tiger, the rehearsal for the Normandy landings, killing 946.
During that time he took a great part in the campaigns and negotiations which led to the Treaty of Paris in 1259, under which King Henry III of England recognized his loss of continental territory to France ( including Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Poitou ) in exchange for France withdrawing support from English rebels.
Although used during the Normandy landings, by that point German aircraft were contained by the Allies own air forces and they were largely unneeded.
He subsequently commanded the Eighth Army in Sicily and Italy before being given responsibility for planning the D-Day invasion in Normandy.
He was in command of all Allied ground forces during Operation Overlord from the initial landings until after the Battle of Normandy.
Prior to the Normandy landings on D-Day in June 1944, the Allies knew the locations of all but two of the 58 German divisions on the Western front.
The King, who had been besieging Breteuil in Normandy, arranged the bulk of his army at Chartres to the north of the besieged Tours, dismissing approximately 15, 000 – 20, 000 of his lower-quality infantry to increase the speed of his forces.
The Hawker Typhoon posed a serious threat to German armour and motor vehicles during the Battle of Normandy in 1944.
After the Allied landings at Normandy, Germany made attempts to overwhelm the landing force with armoured attacks, but these failed for lack of co-ordination and Allied air superiority.
The most notable attempt to use deep penetration operations in Normandy was at Mortain, which exacerbated the German position in the already-forming Falaise Pocket and assisted in the ultimate destruction of German forces in Normandy.
Later, however, the British would have spectacular success defeating the Italians and Germans at the Battle of El Alamein in North Africa, and in the D-Day invasion of Normandy with the help of American, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand forces.
The Battle of Bouvines, which took place on 27 July 1214, was a medieval battle ending the twelve year old Angevin-Flanders War that was fundamental in the early development of France in the Middle Ages by confirming the French crown's sovereignty over the Angevin lands of Brittany and Normandy.
The center consisted of the infantry of Commons of Île de France and Normandy, in front of the king and his knights.
Philip conquered most Plantagenet's continental possessions, namely Anjou, Brittany, Maine, Normandy, and the Touraine, leading to the effective end of the Angevin Empire.
Surprisingly, considering the later French distaste for castrati they certainly existed in France at this time also, being known of in Paris, Orléans, Picardy and Normandy, though they were not abundant: the King of France himself had difficulty in obtaining them.
In 1845, his family moved to Le Havre in Normandy.
On the beaches of Normandy in about 1856 / 1857, he met fellow artist Eugène Boudin, who became his mentor and taught him to use oil paints.
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