But I suspect that the old Roman was referring to change made under military occupation -- the sort of change which Tacitus was talking about when he said, `` They make a desert, and call it peace '' ( `` Solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant ''.

Following their victory at Phillipi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic between themselves and ruled as military dictators.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

They lived in 100 cantons ( 4. 1 ) from which 1000 young men per year were chosen for military service, a citizen-army by our standards and by comparison with the Roman professional army.

She was the first Roman woman of the Roman Empire to have traveled with her husband to Roman military campaigns ; to support and live with the Roman Legions.

In 408, Western Emperor Flavius Honorius ordered the execution of Stilicho and his family, and incited the Roman population to massacre tens of thousands of wives and children of Goths serving in the Roman military.

In a famous passage that is often considered the first specimen of alternative history, Livy speculates on what would have been the outcome of a military showdown between Alexander the Great and the Roman Republic.

Alfred's military reorganisation of Wessex consisted of three elements: the building of thirty fortified and garrisoned towns ( burhs ) along the rivers and Roman roads of Wessex ; the creation of a mobile ( horsed ) field force, consisting of his nobles and their warrior retainers, which was divided into two contingents, one of which was always in the field ; and the enhancement of Wessex's seapower through the addition of larger ships to the existing royal fleet.

Roman military tribunes ( tribuni militum ), senior officers in Roman legions, wore a similar purple band so the reference may be to a family background of military leadership.

* Aquila ( Roman ), a Roman military standard

Some Protestant US military chaplains carry the Roman Rite version of the Anointing of the Sick with them for use if called upon to assist wounded or dying soldiers who are Catholics.

Records of cash, commodities, and transactions were kept scrupulously by military personnel of the Roman army.

The uniform use of brass for coinage and military equipment across the Roman world may indicate a degree of state involvement in the industry, and brass even seems to have been deliberately boycotted by Jewish communities in Palestine because of its association with Roman authority.

The late 4th century writer on Roman military affairs Vegetius mentions soldiers using reed rafts, drawn by leather leads, to transport equipment across rivers.

A Bastarnae host, which had crossed the Danube to assist the Histrians, promptly attacked, surrounded and massacred the Roman infantry, capturing several of their vexilla ( military standards ).

Statue of Augustus in the garb of Roman imperator ( military supreme commander ).

Category: Ancient Roman legionary equipment

When Constantius learned of Shapur's withdrawal from Roman territory, he prepared his army for a counter-attack, drilling them and upgrading the equipment of his cataphracts.

In order to initiate its invasion of Africa, the Roman Republic constructed a major fleet, comprising transports for the army and its equipment, and warships for protection.

Throughout the Roman world, ceramics, lamps, gems and jewellery, mosaics, reliefs, wall paintings and statuary offer evidence, sometimes the best evidence, of the clothing, props, equipment, names, events, prevalence and rules of gladiatorial combat.

This is a monument erected in 113 in Rome to commemorate the conquest of Dacia by Emperor Trajan ( ruled 98-117 ): its bas-reliefs are a key source for Roman military equipment.

Category: Ancient Roman legionary equipment

Roman soldiers had to purchase their own equipment.

* For a more detailed analysis, as well as the Romans in battle, see the articles Roman infantry tactics and Roman military personal equipment.

* Roman chair, the exercise equipment

Arming themselves with Roman equipment they join forces with Fritigern.

Closer view of the column, an invaluable graphic depiction of the arms, equipment and structure of the Roman army in the time of Trajan.

The finds at Kalkriese, where, along with 6, 000 pieces ( largely scraps ) of Roman equipment, there is only one single item — part of a spur — that is clearly Germanic, would seem to indicate minimal Germanic losses.

The commonly invoked Roman law of Angaria allowed the Roman authorities to demand that inhabitants of occupied territories carry messages and equipment the distance of one mile post, but prohibited forcing an individual to go further than a single mile, at the risk of suffering disciplinary actions.

Learning that all the Roman supplies and equipment are stored at Atuatuca, the Sigambri head there to try to capture it.

*** Roman military personal equipment

* Gracchus passes a law requiring the state to provide weapons and equipment for the soldiers in the Roman army.

* Roman military personal equipment

Category: Ancient Roman legionary equipment

Rome's forces used typical Roman equipment including pila ( heavy javelins ) and hastae ( thrusting spears ) as weapons as well as traditional helmets, shields, and body armor.

Many who side with this view disagree that Luke portrays Christianity or the Roman Empire as harmless and thus reject the apologetic view because “ Acts does not present Christians as politically harmless or law abiding for there are a large number of public controversies concerning Christianity, particularly featuring Paul .” For example, to support this view Cassidy references how Paul is accused of going against the Emperor because he is “ saying that there is another king named Jesus .” ( Acts 17: 7 ) Furthermore, there are multiple examples of Paul ’ s preaching causing uprisings in various cities ( Acts 14: 2 ; 14: 19 ; 16: 19-23 ; 17: 5 ; 17: 13-14 ; 19: 28-40 ; 21: 27 ).

But internal evidence points strongly to the Roman province of Asia, particularly the neighborhood of Ephesus.

It also remained the spoken tongue of the indigenous Assyrian / Babylonian citizens of all Mesopotamia under Persian, Greek and Roman rule, and indeed well into the Arab period it was still the language of the majority, particularly in the north of Mesopotamia, surviving to this day among the Assyrian Christians.

The efficient organization of the Roman Empire became the template for the organisation of the church in the 4th century, particularly after Constantine's Edict of Milan.

With the arrival of northern Gothic people, particularly the Scirii in the then Roman province of Pannonia by 493 a soundshift changed Boi to Bai ( Bajuwari ).

Archeological finds, particularly in Pompeii, show the Roman goddess Venus wearing a bikini.

The collections of ancient jewellery and bronzes, Greek vases and Roman glass and silver are particularly important.

Many of these religious edifices are Christian in origin, with Roman Catholic structures particularly prevalent.

The later entry is particularly noteworthy as it constitutes the first clear evidence for the switch to torsion catapults which are more powerful than the flexible crossbows and came to dominate Greek and Roman artillery design thereafter.

Roman poets, particularly Ovid, adopted the same form in Latin many years later.

Epigram is associated with ' point ' because the European epigram tradition takes the Latin poet Martial as its principal model ; he copied and adapted Greek models ( particularly the contemporary poets Lucillius and Nicarchus ) selectively and in the process redefined the genre, aligning it with the indigenous Roman tradition of ' satura ', hexameter satire, as practised by ( among others ) his contemporary Juvenal.

Moreover, the Roman Republic's ability to attract private investments in the war effort to fund ships and crews was one of the deciding factors of the war, particularly when contrasted with the Carthaginian nobility's apparent unwillingness to risk their fortunes for the common war effort.

It has also been used to hearken back to the Roman republic, particularly by those who see themselves as modern-day successors to the old republic and / or its ideals.

It was particularly in Protestant countries such as Switzerland and the German states, which were not under the domination of the Roman Catholic Church, where such grimoires were published.

In Switzerland, the city of Geneva was commonly associated with the occult at the time, particularly by Catholics, because it had been a stronghold of Protestantism, and many of those interested in the esoteric travelled from their own Roman Catholic nations to Switzerland to purchase grimoires or to study with occultists.

Partly as a result of these factors, some scholars have identified a distinctive form of Celtic Christianity, in which abbots were more significant than bishops, attitudes to clerical celibacy were more relaxed and there was some significant differences in practice with Roman Christianity, particularly the form of tonsure and the method of calculating Easter, although most of these issues had been resolved by the mid-seventh century.

Roman Catholicism was not totally eliminated, and remained strong particularly in parts of the highlands.

The modern territory of Albania has no counterpart in antiquity, comprising parts of the Roman provinces of Dalmatia ( southern Illyricum ), Macedonia ( particularly Epirus Nova ), and Moesia Superior.

Like the majority of Belgians at that time, his family belonged to the Roman Catholic Church, though were not particularly devout.

Justinian achieved lasting fame through his judicial reforms, particularly through the complete revision of all Roman law, something that had not previously been attempted.

The popularity of Geoffrey's Historia and its other derivative works ( such as Wace's Roman de Brut ) is generally agreed to be an important factor in explaining the appearance of significant numbers of new Arthurian works in continental Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries, particularly in France.

Riding to battle had two key advantages: it reduced fatigue, particularly when the elite soldiers wore armour ( as was increasingly the case in the centuries after the fall of the Western Roman empire ); and it gave the soldiers more mobility to react to the raids of the enemy, particularly the Muslim invasions which reached Europe in 711.

Lindisfarne ( particularly the castle ) is the setting of the Roman Polanski film Cul-de-Sac ( 1966 ) with Donald Pleasence and Lionel Stander, shot entirely on location there.

From 152 BC onwards, the Roman Republic had difficulties in recruiting soldiers for the wars in Hispania, deemed particularly brutal.