But I suspect that the old Roman was referring to change made under military occupation -- the sort of change which Tacitus was talking about when he said, `` They make a desert, and call it peace '' ( `` Solitudinem faciunt, pacem appellant ''.

Following their victory at Phillipi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic between themselves and ruled as military dictators.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

They lived in 100 cantons ( 4. 1 ) from which 1000 young men per year were chosen for military service, a citizen-army by our standards and by comparison with the Roman professional army.

She was the first Roman woman of the Roman Empire to have traveled with her husband to Roman military campaigns ; to support and live with the Roman Legions.

In 408, Western Emperor Flavius Honorius ordered the execution of Stilicho and his family, and incited the Roman population to massacre tens of thousands of wives and children of Goths serving in the Roman military.

In a famous passage that is often considered the first specimen of alternative history, Livy speculates on what would have been the outcome of a military showdown between Alexander the Great and the Roman Republic.

Alfred's military reorganisation of Wessex consisted of three elements: the building of thirty fortified and garrisoned towns ( burhs ) along the rivers and Roman roads of Wessex ; the creation of a mobile ( horsed ) field force, consisting of his nobles and their warrior retainers, which was divided into two contingents, one of which was always in the field ; and the enhancement of Wessex's seapower through the addition of larger ships to the existing royal fleet.

* Aquila ( Roman ), a Roman military standard

Some Protestant US military chaplains carry the Roman Rite version of the Anointing of the Sick with them for use if called upon to assist wounded or dying soldiers who are Catholics.

Records of cash, commodities, and transactions were kept scrupulously by military personnel of the Roman army.

The uniform use of brass for coinage and military equipment across the Roman world may indicate a degree of state involvement in the industry, and brass even seems to have been deliberately boycotted by Jewish communities in Palestine because of its association with Roman authority.

The late 4th century writer on Roman military affairs Vegetius mentions soldiers using reed rafts, drawn by leather leads, to transport equipment across rivers.

A Bastarnae host, which had crossed the Danube to assist the Histrians, promptly attacked, surrounded and massacred the Roman infantry, capturing several of their vexilla ( military standards ).

Statue of Augustus in the garb of Roman imperator ( military supreme commander ).

Originally intended as assistants to the tribunes, they exercised certain police functions, were empowered to inflict fines and managed the plebeian and Roman games.

In the early Roman Republic, 24 men at the age of around 20 were elected by the Tribal Assembly to serve as a commander in the legions, with six tribunes to each and command rotating among them.

* Rienzi, the last of the Roman tribunes ( 1835 )

The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, were Roman plebeian nobiles who both served as tribunes in the late 2nd century BC.

Among the dead were the Roman Consul Lucius Aemilius Paullus, as well as two consuls for the preceding year, two quaestors, twenty-nine out of the forty-eight military tribunes and an additional eighty senators ( at a time when the Roman Senate comprised no more than 300 men, this constituted 25 %– 30 % of the governing body ).

Category: Roman tribunes of the plebs

Lords, ladies, Roman senators, tribunes, a Dutch gentleman, a Spanish gentleman, a soothsayer, musicians, officers, captains, soldiers, messengers, and other attendants

François-Noël Babeuf ( 23 November 1760 – 27 May 1797 ), known as Gracchus Babeuf ( in tribute to the Roman tribunes of the people and reformers, the Gracchi brothers, and used alongside his self-designation as Tribune ), was a French political agitator and journalist of the Revolutionary period.

Category: Roman tribunes of the plebs

The concept of a veto body originated with the Roman consuls and tribunes.

The institution of the veto, known as the intercessio, was adopted by the Roman Republic in the 6th century BC to enable the tribunes to protect the interests of the plebs ( common citizenry ) from the encroachments of the patricians, who dominated the Senate.

Category: Roman tribunes of the plebs

Her Aventine Temple served the plebeians as cult centre, legal archive, treasury and possibly law-court ; its foundation was contemporaneous with the passage of the Lex Sacrata, which established the office and person of plebeian aediles and tribunes as inviolate representatives of the Roman people.

After breaking through, one of the Roman tribunes took twenty maniples ( a smaller division of the legion ) and attacked the Macedonian right wing from behind.

After this, the walls were rebuilt or extended to properly incorporate the Aventine ; this is more or less coincident with the increasing power and influence of the Aventine-based plebeian aediles and tribunes in Roman public affairs, and the rise of a plebeian nobility.

Category: Roman tribunes of the plebs

However one of Cornelius ' military tribunes, Publius Decius Mus led a small detachment to seize a hilltop, distracting the Samnites and allowing the Roman army to escape the trap.

Category: Roman tribunes of the plebs

To the first tribunate of Saturninus is probably to be assigned his law on majestas, the exact provisions of which are unknown, but its object was probably to strengthen the power of the tribunes and the Populares ; it dealt with the minuta majestas ( diminished authority ) of the Roman people, that is, with all acts tending to impair the integrity of the Commonwealth, being thus more comprehensive than the modern word " treason ".

Category: Roman tribunes of the plebs

Category: Roman tribunes of the plebs

He used his powers to enact a series of reforms to the Roman constitution, meant to restore the balance of power between the Senate and the tribunes ; he then stunned the Roman World ( and posterity ) by resigning the dictatorship, restoring what he considered to be normal constitutional government, and after his second Consulship, retiring to private life.

The Greek term Χιλίαρχος is said to be used to translate the Roman tribunus militum ( following Polybius ), and also for the phrase tribuni militares consulari potestate ( Plutarch ).

The tribuni militum consulari potestate (" military tribunes with consular authority "), in English commonly also Consular Tribunes, were tribunes elected with consular power during the so-called " Conflict of the Orders " in the Roman Republic, starting in 444 BC and then continuously from 408 BC to 394 BC and again from 391 BC to 367 BC.

* 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the magister militum Ricimer.

Here his rampage continued until the eastern government appointed him magister militum per Illyricum, giving him the Roman command he had desired, as well as the authority to resupply his men from the imperial arsenals.

Stilicho was the magister militum of the Western Roman Empire.

He was the only known person to hold the rank of " magister militum in praesenti " from 394 to 408 in both the Western and the Eastern Roman Empire.

* 456 – Magister militum Ricimer defeats Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.

He was installed as emperor by his father Orestes, the magister militum ( master of soldiers ) of the Roman army after deposing the previous emperor Julius Nepos.

* 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: The Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the pagan usurper Eugenius and his Frankish magister militum Arbogast.

* 456 – Remistus, Roman general ( magister militum ), is besieged with a Gothic force at Ravenna and later executed in the Palace in Classis, outside the city.

Subsequently, Byzantine Emperor Zeno gave him the title of Patrician and the office of Magister militum ( master of the soldiers ), and even appointed him as Roman Consul.

* Stilicho, Roman general ( magister militum ), orders the Sibylline Books to be burned, according to the Roman poet Rutilius Claudius Namatianus.

* Sebastianus, son-in-law of Bonifacius, becomes supreme commander ( magister militum ) of the Western Roman army.

* Flavius Constantius, Roman general and politician, is promoted to the rank of magister militum.

* John Fabriaco is appointed Roman consul and magister militum

* Flavius Aetius, Roman general ( magister militum ), fights a campaign in Rhaetia ( Switzerland ) and Noricum ( Austria ).

* Flavius Aetius, Roman general ( magister militum ), starts a 10-year campaign against the Visigoths in southern Gaul.

* Flavius Aetius, Roman general ( magister militum ), returns as triumphator back to Rome after several years ' fighting the Burgundians and Visigoths in Gaul.

He appoints Sebastian, newly arrived from Italy, as magister militum to reorganize the Roman armies in Thrace.

* Spring – Gerontius, Roman general ( magister militum ), who had been a partisan of Constantine III revolts in Hispania.

* Constantius III, Roman general ( magister militum ), begins a military campaign against the Visigoths in Gaul.

* Constantius, Roman general ( magister militum ), drives the Visigoths out of Gaul.

* Flavius Aetius, Roman general ( magister militum ), arrives in southern Gaul with an army ( 40, 000 men ) and defeats the Visigoths under king Theodoric I who besiege the strategic city of Arles.

* Flavius Aetius, Roman general ( magister militum ), in the service of emperor Valentinian III, holds power in Rome for twenty years.