* Alnus mandshurica — Russian Far East, China, Korea

The current resistance to Russian rule has its roots in the late 18th century ( 1785 – 1791 ), a period when Russia expanded into territories formerly under the dominion of Turkey and Persia ( see also the Russo-Turkish Wars and Russo-Persian War ( 1804 – 1813 )), under Mansur Ushurma — a Chechen Naqshbandi ( Sufi ) Sheikh — with wavering support from other North Caucasian tribes.

Johnson also noted: " There's two elements in the music — an American funk line and a Russian line.

In many European languages, words derived from this root take after the first meaning — English being a notable exception ( e. g. French and Dutch concurrent, German Konkurrent and Russian конкурент translate as " competitor " in English ).

The Reds — dominated by industrial and agrarian workers — were supported by the Russian Soviet Republic.

The fighting in Tampere was purely a civil war — Finn against Finn, " brother rising against brother "— as most of the Russian army had retreated to Russia in March and the German troops had yet to arrive in Finland.

The word Gulag was not often used in Russian — either officially or colloquially ; the predominant terms were the camps () and the zone (), usually singular — for the labor camp system and for the individual camps.

In 1748, Alexander Sumarokov wrote a Russian adaptation that focused on Prince Hamlet as the embodiment of an opposition to Claudius's tyranny — a treatment that would recur in Eastern European versions into the 20th century.

He learned Russian and Greek, employing a system that he used his entire life to learn languages — Schliemann claimed that it took him six weeks to learn a language and wrote his diary in the language of whatever country he happened to be in.

On March 2, 1864, the Russian authority — compelled by the uprising to compete for the loyalty of Polish peasants — officially published an enfranchisement decree in the Kingdom, along the lines of an earlier insurgent land reform proclamation.

" The New Russian Historiography and the Old — Some Considerations ," History & Memory Vol.

Campbell's dwarf hamster ( Phodopus campbelli ) is the most common — they are also sometimes called " Russian dwarfs "; however, many hamsters are from Russia, so this ambiguous name does not distinguish them from other species appropriately.

*** Species P. sungorus — Djungarian hamster or winter-white Russian dwarf hamster

* 1853 – The Russian Army crossed the Pruth river into the Danubian Principalities, Moldavia and Wallachia — providing the spark that set off the Crimean War.

The company began to make steel cannons in the 1840s — especially for the Russian, Turkish, and Prussian armies.

During the Russian Revolution, anarchists such as Nestor Makhno worked to create and defend — through the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine — anarchist communism in the Free Territory of the Ukraine from 1919 before being conquered by the Bolsheviks in 1921.

During the Russian Revolution, anarchists such as Nestor Makhno worked to create and defend — through the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine — anarchist communism in the Free Territory of the Ukraine from 1919 before being conquered by the Bolsheviks in 1921.

In April 1917, Lenin published the April Theses, the strategy of the October Revolution, which proposed that the Russian revolution was not an isolated national event, but a fundamentally international event — the first world socialist revolution.

To feed the populaces of town and country, Lenin instituted War Communism ( 1918 – 21 ) as a necessary condition — adequate supplies of food and weapons — for fighting the Russian Civil War ( 1917 – 23 ).

** Vertinsky, Alexander: Cabaret singer ( 1889 – 1957 )— became known as the " Russian Pierrot " after debuting around 1916 with " Pierrot's doleful ditties "— songs that chronicled tragic incidents in the life of Pierrot.

Fashion was based on varied looks based on romantic themes, including frilly fop shirts in the style of the English Romantic period, Russian constructivism, Bonny Prince Charlie, French Incroyables and 1930s Cabaret, Hollywood starlets, Puritans and clowns, with any look being possible if it was adapted to be unusual and striking.

* Cabaret de Pierrot le Fou, Russian cabaret-noir group, recorded their version of the song on the album Soundtrack 1 in 2009

In the last year of the century, Pierrot appeared in a Russian ballet, Harlequin's Millions a. k. a. Harlequinade ( 1900 ), its libretto and choreography by Marius Petipa, its music by Riccardo Drigo, its dancers the members of St. Petersburg's Imperial Ballet.

( As the Wikipedia article on Petrushka indicates, the Russian clown is in general a Pulcinella figure, but in this ballet he seems closer to a Pierrot.

* Russian — Fokine, Michel: The Immortal Pierrot ( 1925 ; ballet, premiered in New York City ).

* Russian — Chagall, Marc ( worked mainly in France ): Pierrot with Umbrella ( 1926 ); Somov, Konstantin: Lady and Pierrot ( 1910 ), Curtain Design for Moscow Free Theater ( 1913 ), Italian Comedy ( 1914 ; two versions ); Suhaev, Vasilij, and Alexandre Yakovlev: Harlequin and Pierrot ( Self-Portraits of and by Suhaev and A. Yakovlev ) ( 1914 ); Tchelitchew, Pavel ( worked mainly in France and U. S. A .): Pierrot ( 1930 ).

* Russian — Pimonenko, Evgeny ( performs internationally ): Your Pierrot ( c. 1994 – present ; act by black-suited Pierrot-juggler-equilibrist, originally of Valentin Gneushev's Cirk Valentin ).

* Russian — Chagall, Marc ( worked mainly in France ): Circus Scene ( late 1960s / early 1970s ), Pierrot lunaire ( 1969 ).

* Russian — Baranov, Dimitri: Black Pierrot ( 1991 ).

* Russian — Koshkin, Nikita: " Pierrot and Harlequin ", from Masquerades, II ( 1988 ; guitar ); Voronov, Grigori: Pierrot and Harlequin ( n. d. 2006 ; saxophone and piano ).

And Pierrot Lunaire is a very familiar figure in popular art: Brazilian, Italian, and Russian rock groups have called themselves Pierrot Lunaire.

Pierrot in Petrograd: Commedia dell ’ Arte / Balagan in twentieth-century Russian theatre and drama.

( Société pour le lancement des oeuvres nouvelles, but also the Russian word for elephant ).

* In le Carré's Smiley's People, the retired Russian major lives in a dingy flat on Westbourne Grove.

John le Carré's fictional spymaster Karla, a Russian, who appears in Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy, The Honourable Schoolboy and Smiley's People was believed by some readers to be modeled on Wolf.

Several Russian authors published works critical on Custine's La Russie en 1839, among them Un mot sur l ' ouvrage de M. de Custine, intitulé: La Russie en 1839 by Xavier Labensky ( Jean Polonius ) and Examen de l ' ouvrage de M. le marquis de Custine intitulé " La Russie en 1839 " ( Paris, 1844 ) by Nicolas Gretch.

* Drahomanov, Mykhailo, La littérature oukrainienne, proscrite par le gouvernement russe: rapport présenté au Congrès littéraire de Paris ( Ukrainian Literature Banned by the Russian Government: Report Presented at the Literary Congress in Paris ), Geneva, 1878.

Other plays include: House of Bergmann, Fear for the Border, Homo Volans, Fathers and Forefathers ( Dramatisation of Slobodan Selenic ), In the Search of Marcel Proust, Dantes Divinus, The Russian Mission, The Last Days of Mankind ( Adaptation of Karl Kraus ), Le Petit et le Grand Theatre du Marquis de Sade ...

Halkett held many foreign orders, including the Prussian Order of the Black Eagle, the Pour le Mérite and the Russian St. Anne.

* Seleznyov, Nikolai N., “ Un clerc syro-occidental d ’ Arfad et le métropolitain de Jérusalem, de l ’ Église de l ’ Orient: Le livre “ De l ’ unanimité de la foi ” et sa recension en garshuni ” ( in Russian: “ Zapadnosirijskij knizhnik iz Afrada i ierusalimskij mitropolit Tserkvi Vostoka: “ Kniga obschnosti very ” i ejo rukopisnaja redakcija na karshuni ”) in: Simvol 58 ( Syriaca & Arabica ).

Serge Alexandre Stavisky ( 1888 – 1934 ), who became known as le beau Sacha (" Handsome Sasha "), was a Russian Jew born in modern-day Ukraine whose parents had moved to France.

In addition to the decorations already mentioned, Yermolov was decorated with the Russian Orders of St. Andrew the First Called, of St. Vladimir ( 1st class ), of St. Alexander Nevsky, of the White Eagle, and of St. Anna ( 1st class ); foreign orders received included the Prussian Orders of the Red Eagle ( 1st class ) and the Pour le Mérite, the Military Order of Maria Theresa ( 3rd class ), the Baden Order of Karl Friedrich, the Persian Order of the Lion and the Sun, and two golden swords for courage ( including one with diamonds ).

l ' Empereur Paul I-r Grand Maître de l ' Ordre de St. Jean de Jérusalem avait été élevé le 2I Jullet 1799 "-in translation ; " to grant Your request and to confirm Your title of Hereditary Commander of the Union of the Descendants of the Hereditary Commanders and Knights of the Russian Grand Priory about St John of Jerusalem as a direct descendant of Demidoff Nicholas son of Nicétas which, by grace of My great-great-grandfather, H. M. the Emperor Paul I Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem had been elevated 21 July 1799 "