Mahmud Shah's first reign lasted for only two years before he was replaced by Shuja Shah.

Yet another of Timur Shah's sons, Shuja Shah ( or Shah Shuja ), ruled for only six years.

On June 7, 1809, Shuja Shah signed a treaty with the British, which included a clause stating that he would oppose the passage of foreign troops through his territories.

* The Treatment of Mail on an Arm Guard from the Armoury of the Shah Shuja: Ethical Repair and in situ Documentation in Miniature

In 1834 Dost Mohammad defeated an invasion by the former ruler, Shuja Shah Durrani, but his absence from Kabul gave the Sikhs the opportunity to expand westward.

The British became the major power in the Indian sub-continent after the Treaty of Paris ( 1763 ) and began to show interest in Afghanistan as early as their 1809 treaty with Shuja Shah Durrani.

By the end of the summer however, the plan had changed ; now the British alone would impose the pliant Shuja Shah.

Shuja Shah Durrani | Shah Shuja, the last Durrani Empire | Durrani King, sitting at his court inside the Bala Hissar before it was destroyed by the British Empire | British Army.

Durrani's other grandson, Shuja Shah Durrani, fled the wrath of his brother and sought refuge with the Sikhs.

Shah Shujah Durrani | Shah Shuja, the last Durrani Empire | Durrani King, sitting at his court inside the Bala Hissar.

In 1826, the kingdom was claimed by Dost Mohammad Khan and taken from him by the British Indian Army in 1839, who installed the unpopular Shah Shuja.

In 1830, Shuja Shah Durrani, the deposed ruler of Afghanistan, managed to flee with the diamond.

He went to Lahore where Ranjit Singh forced him to surrender it ; in return for this, Ranjit Singh won back the Afghan throne for Shah Shuja.

A lithography | lithograph by Emily Eden showing one of the favourite horses of Maharaja Ranjit Singh with the head officer of his stables and his collection of jewels, including the Koh-i-Noor that he extorted from list of monarchs of Afghanistan | Afghan Emir Shuja Shah Durrani.

The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan is accompanied by his three sons: Dara Shikoh, Shah Shuja ( Mughal ) | Shah Shuja and Aurangzeb, including their maternal grandfather Abul-Hasan ibn Mirza Ghiyas Beg | Asaf Khan IV.

* Shah Mahmud overthrows his brother, Shah Shuja, as leader of the Muzaffarid tribe in Persia.

* Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III overthrows his brother, Abu Bakr Shah, as Sultan of Delhi.

In 1941, Britain backs a coup that overthrows Reza Shah and replaces him with his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

He developed a reputation as a military commander during wars with Russia and the Ottoman Empire, as an early modernizer of Persia's armed forces and institutions, and for his death before his father, Fath Ali Shah.

He was a younger son of Fath Ali Shah, but on account of his mother's royal birth was destined by his father to succeed him.

The city and region became part of the Afghan Durrani Empire in around 1750 when after an agreement was signed between Mir Muhammad Murad Beg and Ahmad Shah Durrani Poplezai, the founding father of Afghanistan.

Zahir Khan was proclaimed King ( Shah ) on 8 November 1933 at the age of 19, after the assassination of his father Mohammed Nadir Shah.

Prithvi Narayan Shah succeeded his father King Nara Bhupal Shah to the throne of Gorkha in 1743 AD.

Shah Jahan was also chosen by his father Jahangir to acknowledge the statesmanship and administration in the Mughal Empire.

Despite her frequent pregnancies, she travelled with Shah Jahan's entourage throughout his earlier military campaigns and the subsequent rebellion against his father.

Khurram's intense military successes of 1617 against the Lodi in the Deccan effectively secured the southern border of the empire and his grateful father rewarded him with the prestigious title ' Shah Jahan Bahadur ' ( Brave King of the World ) which implicitly sealed his inheritance.

Court intrigues, however, including Nur Jahan's decision to have her daughter from her first marriage wed Shah Jahan's youngest brother Shahzada Shahryar and her support for his claim to the throne led Khurram, supported by Muhabbat Khan, into open revolt against his father in 1622.

* July 31 – After his father Shah Jahan completes the Taj Mahal, his son Aurangzeb deposes him as ruler of the Mughal Empire.

* Mujahid Shah succeeds his father, Mohammad Shah I, as Sultan of the Bahmanid Empire in Deccan, southern India.

* Zain Al-Abidin succeeds his father, Shah Shuja, as ruler of the Muzaffarids in central Persia.

When he heard of the death of his father Shah Rukh, Ulugh Beg went to Balkh, where he heard that his Mirza Ala-ud-Daulah, son of Ulugh's brother Baysonqor, had claimed the emirship of the Timurid Empire in Herat.

When Mirza Ibrahim fell in the war with Balkh, Khurram Begum wanted to send the Khanum to her father, Shah Muhammad of Kashgar ; but she refused to go.

Throwing off his allegiance to Kabul when Timur Shah Durrani was marching against Sindh and Kashmir, Mizrab Bi grandson of Muhammad Bi ( old Chief of Kunduz ) uniting with Chief of Kubab attacked Kabad Khan, seized him and gave him to Mir Muhammad Shah who put him to death to avenge his father Mir Muhammad Shah returned to Badakhshan to find throne occupied by Bahadur Shah son of a former Chief who had taken Faizabad during captivity of Mir Muhammad Shah in Kunduz.

In 1812, Mir Sultan Shah II succeeded as mir of Badakhshan after his father Mir Muhammad Shah's death in 1810.

Its current name was chosen by the then state Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, after his late father Sultan Alam Shah.

In the Muzaffarid Empire, Death of Mubarazuddin Muhammad ; accession of Shah Shuja.

The Imam Hasan Ali Shah was born in 1804 in Kahak, Iran to Shah Khalil Allah, the 45th Ismaili Imam, and Bibi Sarkara, the daughter of Muhammad Sadiq Mahallati ( d. 1815 ), a poet and a Ni ‘ mat Allahi Sufi.

He was succeeded by his eldest son Hasan Ali Shah, also known as Muhammad Hasan, who became the 46th Imam.

Soon after the accession of Muhammad Shah Qajar to the throne of his grandfather, Fath Ali Shah, the Imam Hasan Ali Shah was appointed governor of Kerman in 1835.

Despite the service he rendered to the Qajar government, Hasan Ali Shah was dismissed from the governorship of Kerman in 1837, less than two years after his arrival there, and was replaced by Firuz Mirza Nusrat al-Dawla, a younger brother of Muhammad Shah Qajar.

He managed to gather an army in Mahallat which alarmed Muhammad Shah, who travelled to Delijan near Mahallat to determine the truth of the reports about Hasan Ali Shah.

Hasan Ali Shah was eventually forced to leave for Calcutta in April 1847, where he remained until he received news of the death of Muhammad Shah Qajar.

Under the leadership of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, the first half of the 20th century was a period of significant development for the Ismā ' īlī community.

The Jubilees of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, are well remembered.

Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah also introduced organizational forms that gave Ismāʿīlī communities the means to structure and regulate their own affairs.

* 1877-1885: Sultan Muhammad Shah

* 1885-1898: His Highness Agha Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III

* 1898-1902: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, KCIE

* 1902-1911: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, GCIE

* 1911-1923: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, GCSI, GCIE

* 1923-1934: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO

* 1934-1955: His Highness The Right Honourable Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, PC, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO

* 1955-1957: His Highness The Right Honourable Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, PC, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO

Jaivana | Jaivan Cannon-World's largest Cannon on wheels, which was cast in India during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah by his Kiladar, Jai Singh II.

* 1739 – Battle of Karnal: The army of Iranian ruler Nadir Shah defeats the forces of the Mughal emperor of India, Muhammad Shah.