Charybdotoxin occludes the pore of calcium-activated voltage-gated Shaker K < sup >+</ sup > channels by binding to one of four independent, overlapping binding sites.

It is a relatively selective blocker of members of Kv1 ( Shaker, KCNA ) family of voltage-activated K + channels.

At concentration of 1 mM it selectively and reversibly inhibits Shaker channels without significant effect on other sodium, calcium, and potassium conductances.

Shaker, Aachen 2001, S. 7-26.

He quit the project and moved to a nearby Shaker family with his son.

Shakers today are most known for their cultural contributions ( especially style of music and furniture ). The Shakers composed thousands of songs, and also created many dances ; both were an important part of the Shaker worship services.

In Shaker society, a spiritual " gift " could also be a musical revelation, and they considered it important to record musical inspirations as they occurred.

" Simple Gifts " was composed by Elder Joseph Brackett and originated in the Shaker community at Alfred, Maine in 1848.

Aaron Copland's iconic 1944 ballet score Appalachian Spring, uses the now famous Shaker tune " Simple Gifts " as the basis of its finale.

Then, in 2007, 12-year-old Badour Shaker died of an overdose of anaesthesia during or after an FGM procedure for which her mother had paid a physician in an illegal clinic the equivalent of $ 9. 00.

During the 1990s, acid rock artists such as The Charlatans and Kula Shaker used a Hammond.

George Rapp's daughter and others lived for a time at the Shaker settlement in West Union, Indiana, where the Shakers helped a number of Harmonites learn the English language.

His best-known works include Short Ride in a Fast Machine ( 1986 ), On the Transmigration of Souls ( 2002 ), a choral piece commemorating the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks ( for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 2003 ), and Shaker Loops ( 1978 ), a minimalist four-movement work for strings.

Shaker Loops ( for string septet ) ( 1978 ): A " modular " composition for three violins, one viola, two cellos, and one bass, with a conductor.

Shaker Loops has been described as " hauntingly ethereal ," while 1999's " Naïve and Sentimental Music " has been called " an exploration of a marvelously extended spinning melody.

In his 2000 book Mystics and Messiahs, Philip Jenkins discussed the term's usage, and likened it to " smear words " associated with other religions ; giving examples of Shaker, Methodist, and Mormon.

In the immediate post-Britpop era Kula Shaker incorporated swirling, guitar-heavy sounds of late -' 60s psychedelia and with Indian mysticism and spirituality.

* 1967 – 69 Tower East, Shaker Heights, Ohio, this was Gropius ' last major project.

* The Shaker song Simple Gifts is written by Joseph Brackett in Alfred, Maine.

* July 4 – Joseph Brackett, American Shaker religious leader and composer ( b. 1797 )

** Zaid ibn Shaker succeeds Zaid al-Rifai as Prime Minister of Jordan.

* December 4 – Prime Minister of Jordan Zaid ibn Shaker resigns and is replaced by Mudar Badran.

* February 14 Prisoner Shaker Aamer moved to Guantanamo Bay detention camp.

While their monastic, communitarian life has been studied extensively, little attention has been given to Shaker preaching, particularly in the early days of the order.

In the kingdom, as in the Shaker fellowship, there was “ neither marrying nor giving in marriage .” Celibacy was a preparation for the kingdom.

The large and diverse population of antibodies is generated by random combinations of a set of gene segments that encode different antigen binding sites ( or paratopes ), followed by random mutations in this area of the antibody gene, which create further diversity.

She has also worked on the principal gene mutations causing neuromuscular diseases.

Some mutations affect the gene MFN2, which codes for a mitochondrial protein.

This was done by the scientists employed by the Charcot Marie Tooth Association ( CMTA ) Two mutations were identified in a gene, SH3TC2, known to cause CMT.

Insects with certain mutations in their sodium channel gene are resistant to DDT and other similar insecticides.

Leber's congenital amaurosis is an inherited blinding disease caused by mutations in the RPE65 gene.

* Multigene disorders – Conditions or disorders that arise from mutations in a single gene are the best candidates for gene therapy.

A ( mostly ) separate set of diseases called thalassemias involves underproduction of normal and sometimes abnormal hemoglobins, through problems and mutations in globin gene regulation.

* Brugada syndrome is another ventricular arrhythmia caused by voltage-gated sodium channel gene mutations.

* Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which is a chloride channel.

* Mucolipidosis type IV is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the TRPML1 channel

However, mutations of the dystrophin gene and nutritional defects ( with no genetics history ) at the prenatal stage are also possible in about 33 % of people affected by DMD.

These errors, called mutations, can have an impact on the phenotype of an organism, especially if they occur within the protein coding sequence of a gene.

Studies in the fly Drosophila melanogaster suggest that if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, this will probably be harmful, with about 70 percent of these mutations having damaging effects, and the remainder being either neutral or weakly beneficial.

In the laboratory, however, mutagenesis is a useful technique for generating mutations that allows the functions of genes and gene products to be examined in detail, producing proteins with improved characteristics or novel function, as well as mutant strains with useful properties.

Nonlethal mutations accumulate within the gene pool and increase the amount of genetic variation.

The abundance of some genetic changes within the gene pool can be reduced by natural selection, while other " more favorable " mutations may accumulate and result in adaptive changes.

Rare mutations in the gene are associated with Brunner syndrome.

Likewise, there is debate as to whether selection at the molecular level prior to gene mutations and fertilization of the zygote should be ascribed to conventional natural selection because traditionally natural selection is an environmental and exterior force that acts upon a phenotype typically after birth.

Some science journalists distinguish gene selection from natural selection by informally referencing selection of mutations as " pre-selection.

The former is the determinant factor for the number of gene lineages, zygosity mutations and founding haplotypes present in today's Indigenous Amerindian populations.

Most oncogenes require an additional step, such as mutations in another gene, or environmental factors, such as viral infection, to cause cancer.