Postmodern theorist Jean Baudrillard wrote briefly of nihilism from the postmodern viewpoint in Simulacra and Simulation.

Three of the antagonists in the 1998 movie The Big Lebowski are explicitly described as " nihilists ;" and the 1999 film The Matrix portrays the character Thomas A. Anderson with a hollowed out copy of Baudrillard's treatise, Simulacra and Simulation, in which he stores contraband data files under the chapter " On Nihilism.

: In Simulacra and Simulation, introduced the concept that reality or the principle of the " real " is short-circuited by the interchangeability of signs in an era whose communicative and semantic acts are dominated by electronic media and digital technologies.

In Simulacra and Simulation, French theorist Jean Baudrillard describes " retro " as a demythologization of the past, distancing the present from the big ideas that drove the “ modern ” age.

The development of electronic media blurs the line between map and territory by allowing for the simulation of ideas as encoded in electronic signals, as Baudrillard argues in Simulacra and Simulation ( 1994, p. 1 ):

* Simulacra and Simulation

* Simulacra and Simulation

The late French philosopher, Jean Baudrillard, makes mention of the film as an example of a new genre of " retro cinema " in his essay on history in the now foundational text, Simulacra and Simulation ( 1981 ):

Before casting him in the role of Neo for the 1999 film The Matrix, the Wachowski Brothers asked Keanu Reeves to read this book ( as well as Simulacra and Simulation and Introducing Evolutionary Psychology ) before even opening the script.

* Simulacra and Simulation

Simulacra and Simulation () is a philosophical treatise by Jean Baudrillard seeking to interrogate the relationship among reality, symbols, and society.

Simulacra and Simulation is most known for its discussion of symbols, signs, and how they relate to contemporaneity.

" Simulacra and Simulation " breaks the sign-order into 4 stages:

Simulacra and Simulation identifies three types of simulacra and identifies each with a historical period:

It is important to note that when Baudrillard refers to the " precession of simulacra " in Simulacra and Simulation, he is referring to the way simulacra have come to precede the real in the sense mentioned above, rather than to any succession of historical phases of the image.

Approached by the Oligarch Halborn during his research into the life of The One, the Simulacra coldly dismissed the Intruder's actions as only leading to his inevitable defeat.

* Jean Baudrillard, " The Precession of Simulacra ", in Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks, Durham & Kellner, eds.

Simulation of gravitational lens ing by a black hole, which distorts the image of a galaxy in the background (: File: BlackHole Lensing. gif | larger animation )

At rough vacuum, this asymmetric heating effect generates a net gas movement across each vane, from the concave side to the convex side, as shown by the researchers ' Direct Simulation Monte Carlo ( DSMC ) modeling.

Recently, on 26 April 2012, scientists reported that lichen survived and showed remarkable results on the adaptation capacity of photosynthetic activity within the simulation time of 34 days under Martian conditions in the Mars Simulation Laboratory ( MSL ) maintained by the German Aerospace Center ( DLR ).

* Janus ( simulation ), a military combat simulation first developed in the late 1970s by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Combat Simulation Laboratory

IBCAST 2005, Volume 3, Control and Simulation, Edited by Hussain SI, Munir A, Kiyani J, Samar R, Khan MA, National Center for Physics, Bhurban, KP, Pakistan, 2006, pp 27 – 33 Free Full Text

* Simulation, a Java applet by Paul Falstad

However, this concept of an electronic spreadsheet was outlined in the 1961 paper " Budgeting Models and System Simulation " by Richard Mattessich.

DR LSDB Synch Simulation shows how DR and non-DR routers evolve from 2-way to full adjacency relationships by exchanging DD, Request, and Update.

* Simulation Model Portability, a standard for space mission simulators developed by ESA and other European organizations

Simulation sickness, or simulator sickness, is a condition where a person exhibits symptoms similar to motion sickness caused by playing computer / simulation / video games.

In order for a Flight Simulation Training Device ( FSTD ) to be used for flight crew training or checking, it must be evaluated by the local National Aviation Authority ( NAA ), such as the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) in the United States.

It is a collaborative effort, developed by Sandia National Laboratories, Los Alamos National Laboratories, and the United States Army Research Laboratory, and funded by the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program.

Recently, on 26 April 2012, scientists reported that lichen survived and showed remarkable results on the adaptation capacity of photosynthetic activity within the simulation time of 34 days under Martian conditions in the Mars Simulation Laboratory ( MSL ) maintained by the German Aerospace Center ( DLR ).

* MD simulation of the complete satellite tobacco mosaic virus ( STMV ) ( 2006, Size: 1 million atoms, Simulation time: 50 ns, program: NAMD ) This virus is a small, icosahedral plant virus which worsens the symptoms of infection by Tobacco Mosaic Virus ( TMV ).

It is relevant to the Simulation hypothesis in that it illustrates how a simulation could contain conscious subjects, as required by a " virtual people " simulation.

In a jointly managed project with Hughes Aircraft Co., Raytheon developed the Air Warfare Simulation ( AWSIM2 ), currently used by the USAF for battle staff training at simulation centers worldwide.

That same year, the now defunct Papyrus Design Group produced their first attempt at a racing simulator, the critically acclaimed Indianapolis 500: The Simulation, designed by David Kaemmer and Omar Khudari.

Simulation games use computer programs, processing actual MLB player statistics, to generate results for contests matching teams composed of MLB players ‘ drafted ’ by ‘ owners .’ This is thought to produce an experience which is more akin to that of being a real general manager.

* Nicholson, Paul The Tesla Secondary Simulation Project ( theoretical simulation of Tesla Coil resonators, confirmed by experiment )

* Simulation of the new track layout by BBC News

In 1985, he was appointed as Cornell's Director of the Center for Theory and Simulation in Science and Engineering ( now known as the Cornell Theory Center ), one of five national supercomputer centers created by the National Science Foundation.

A second truce had been arbitrated in April, 1298, by Jean D'Arlay, lord of Chalon-sur-Saone, the most staunch of Edward's Burgundian allies, and these last were represented in the discussions at the Curia by Gautier de Montfaucon, Othon's neighbor and a member of the Vaudois coalition.

Becket, by France's Jean Anouilh ; ;

The Theatre-by-the-Sea, Matunuck, presents `` King Of Hearts '' by Jean Kerr and Eleanor Brooke.

The book is by Jerome Weidman and George Abbott, music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, choreography by Peter Gennaro, scenery, costumes and lighting by William and Jean Eckart, musical direction by Jack Elliott, and the production was directed by Mr. Abbott.

It was paired with a Darius Milhaud opera, `` The Poor Sailor '', set to a libretto by Jean Cocteau, a kind of Grand Guignol by the sea, a sailor returns, unrecognized, and gets done in by his wife.

Yesterday it offered `` Poised For Violence '', by Jean Reavey.

Although there are seven other types of annual awards presented by the Academy ( the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, the Gordon E. Sawyer Award, the Scientific and Engineering Award, the Technical Achievement Award, the John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation, and the Student Academy Award ) plus two awards that are not presented annually ( the Special Achievement Award in the form of an Oscar statuette and the Honorary Award that may or may not be in the form of an Oscar statuette ), the best known one is the Academy Award of Merit more popularly known as the Oscar statuette.

He was followed by Jean Picker Firstenberg who held the position of President and CEO from 1980 to 2007.

* Concerto for alphorn and orchestra ( 1970 ) by Jean Daetwyler

Dame Jean was at one time a lady-in-waiting to Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, patron of the Dandie Dinmont Club, a breed of dog named after one of Sir Walter Scott's characters ; and a horse trainer, one of whose horses, Sir Wattie, ridden by Ian Stark, won two silver medals at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea.

* According to a note of Isaac de Beausobre ’ s, Jean Hardouin accepted the first three of these, taking the four others for the initials of the Greek anthrōpoussōzōn hagiōi xylōi, “ saving mankind by the holy cross .”

Construction of Aix-la-Chapelle, by Jean Fouquet.

Birth of Heracles by Jean Jacques Francois Le Barbier

Amalric died of dysentery ( allegedly brought on by " a surfeit of white mullet ") or even poisoned at Saint Jean d ' Acre on 1 April 1205, just after his son Amalric and four days before his wife, and was buried at Saint Sophia, Nicosia.

Between 1949 and 1953 he worked on his doctoral thesis in this subject at Nancy, supervised by Jean Dieudonné and Laurent Schwartz.

Homological methods and sheaf theory had already been introduced in algebraic geometry by Jean-Pierre Serre and others, after sheaves had been defined by Jean Leray.