* Simulacra and Simulation by Jean Baudrillard

Postmodern theorist Jean Baudrillard wrote briefly of nihilism from the postmodern viewpoint in Simulacra and Simulation.

Three of the antagonists in the 1998 movie The Big Lebowski are explicitly described as " nihilists ;" and the 1999 film The Matrix portrays the character Thomas A. Anderson with a hollowed out copy of Baudrillard's treatise, Simulacra and Simulation, in which he stores contraband data files under the chapter " On Nihilism.

In Simulacra and Simulation, French theorist Jean Baudrillard describes " retro " as a demythologization of the past, distancing the present from the big ideas that drove the “ modern ” age.

The development of electronic media blurs the line between map and territory by allowing for the simulation of ideas as encoded in electronic signals, as Baudrillard argues in Simulacra and Simulation ( 1994, p. 1 ):

* Simulacra and Simulation

* Simulacra and Simulation

The late French philosopher, Jean Baudrillard, makes mention of the film as an example of a new genre of " retro cinema " in his essay on history in the now foundational text, Simulacra and Simulation ( 1981 ):

Before casting him in the role of Neo for the 1999 film The Matrix, the Wachowski Brothers asked Keanu Reeves to read this book ( as well as Simulacra and Simulation and Introducing Evolutionary Psychology ) before even opening the script.

* Simulacra and Simulation

Simulacra and Simulation () is a philosophical treatise by Jean Baudrillard seeking to interrogate the relationship among reality, symbols, and society.

Simulacra and Simulation is most known for its discussion of symbols, signs, and how they relate to contemporaneity.

" Simulacra and Simulation " breaks the sign-order into 4 stages:

Simulacra and Simulation identifies three types of simulacra and identifies each with a historical period:

It is important to note that when Baudrillard refers to the " precession of simulacra " in Simulacra and Simulation, he is referring to the way simulacra have come to precede the real in the sense mentioned above, rather than to any succession of historical phases of the image.

Approached by the Oligarch Halborn during his research into the life of The One, the Simulacra coldly dismissed the Intruder's actions as only leading to his inevitable defeat.

The fake, a Morpheus Simulacra created from Zion records of the captain, took on a greater role once its master ordered it to deactivate itself.

In later chapters the Morpheus Simulacra played a supporting role in the Oracle's faked death and subsequent plan to weaken the Oligarch forces threatening The Matrix.

* Jean Baudrillard, " The Precession of Simulacra ", in Media and Cultural Studies: Keyworks, Durham & Kellner, eds.

Both Crushed Stars and Sonogram now record for Simulacra Records.

Silver Medal: “ Simulacra ”, Tatchapon Lertwirojkul --- The School of Visual Arts, New York.

In 1982 Edu-Ware introduced a third brand, Interactive Simulations, when it released Rendezvous: A Space Shuttle Simulation, developed by NASA scientist Wesley Huntress.

However, this concept of an electronic spreadsheet was outlined in the 1961 paper " Budgeting Models and System Simulation " by Richard Mattessich.

* Securities regulators ( the U. S. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ( FINRA )) refuse to allow insurance companies to illustrate VUL policies using a stochastic projection ( commonly called a ' Monte Carlo Simulation ' or MCS ), forcing agents to use archaic, antiquated, and deceptive deterministic projections (' straight line ' or constant interest assumptions ) that are far removed from reality.

Simulation video game – a diverse super-category of video games, generally designed to closely simulate aspects of a real or fictional reality.

Simulation isn't necessarily concerned with simulating reality ; it could be a simulation of any fictional world, cosmology or scenario, according to its own rules.

Simulation video games is a diverse super-category of games, generally designed to closely simulate aspects of a real or fictional reality.

* Real-time Simulation, simulation able to run at the same rate as reality

The term real-time derives from its use in early simulation, where a real-world process is simulated at a rate that matched that of the real process ( now called Real-time Simulation to avoid ambiguity ).

Simulation can be used to show the eventual real effects of alternative conditions and courses of action.

Simulation is also used when the real system cannot be engaged, because it may not be accessible, or it may be dangerous or unacceptable to engage, or it is being designed but not yet built, or it may simply not exist.

During the Shuttle Final Countdown Phase Simulation, engineers command and control hardware via real application software executing in the control consoles – just as if they were commanding real vehicle hardware.

Simulation ( emulation ) and stimulation techniques can be used, the latter involving feeding real hardware with artificially generated or real signals ( stimulated ) in order to verify its operation.

Simulation games use computer programs, processing actual MLB player statistics, to generate results for contests matching teams composed of MLB players ‘ drafted ’ by ‘ owners .’ This is thought to produce an experience which is more akin to that of being a real general manager.

Simulation of an algorithm: computer ( computor ) language: Knuth advises the reader that " the best way to learn an algorithm is to try it.

Simulation of coin tosses: Each frame, a coin is flipped which is red on one side and blue on the other.

( A DR Election Detail Simulation shows a step-by-step DR election example: How neighbor list, neighbor state, DR, and BDR are changed when receiving Hello ) The DR is elected based on the following default criteria:

Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time.

Simulation is used in many contexts, such as simulation of technology for performance optimization, safety engineering, testing, training, education, and video games.

Simulation is also used with scientific modelling of natural systems or human systems to gain insight into their functioning.

Simulation is an important feature in engineering systems or any system that involves many processes.

For more sophisticated simulations Discrete Event Simulation ( DES ) is used with the advantages to simulate dynamics in the production system.

Simulation is used at Kennedy Space Center ( KSC ) to train and certify Space Shuttle engineers during simulated launch countdown operations.

Simulation sickness, or simulator sickness, is a condition where a person exhibits symptoms similar to motion sickness caused by playing computer / simulation / video games.

It is part of the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program running nuclear simulations and advanced scientific research.

It is a collaborative effort, developed by Sandia National Laboratories, Los Alamos National Laboratories, and the United States Army Research Laboratory, and funded by the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program.

* MD simulation of the complete satellite tobacco mosaic virus ( STMV ) ( 2006, Size: 1 million atoms, Simulation time: 50 ns, program: NAMD ) This virus is a small, icosahedral plant virus which worsens the symptoms of infection by Tobacco Mosaic Virus ( TMV ).

* HP ARIES ( Automatic Re-translation and Integrated Environment Simulation ) is a dynamic binary translation system that combines fast code interpretation with two phase dynamic translation to transparently and accurately execute HP 9000 HP-UX applications on HP-UX 11i for HP Integrity servers.

* Multi-Agent Based Simulation ( MABS ): a branch of DAI that builds the foundation for simulations that need to analyze not only phenomena at macro level but also at micro level, as it is in many social simulation scenarios.

Simulation gaming is a tool for thinking through the ramifications of a particular strategy.

It is relevant to the Simulation hypothesis in that it illustrates how a simulation could contain conscious subjects, as required by a " virtual people " simulation.

Both the dream argument and the Simulation hypothesis can be regarded as skeptical hypotheses ; however in raising these doubts, just as Descartes noted that his own thinking led him to be convinced of his own existence, the existence of the argument itself is testament to the possibility of its own truth.

A structured tnternational doctoral programme, “ THESIS – Complex Processes in the Earth: Theory, Experiment and Simulation ,” is also offered within the scope of the Elite Network of Bavaria.

Another type of league that allows for year round fantasy football is called Simulation Football.