Some aficionados who prefer class-A amplifiers also prefer the use of thermionic valve ( or " tube ") designs instead of transistors, especially in Single-ended triode output configurations for several claimed reasons:

Single-ended signaling is widely used, and can be seen in numerous common transmission standards, including:

Single-ended trams have a cab at only one end and doors on one side, making them cheaper and having more space for passengers.

Single-ended signals are still resistant to interference if the lines are balanced and terminated by a differential amplifier.

Single-ended signaling is the simplest and most commonly used method of transmitting electrical signals over wires.

Single-ended surface noise reduction ( such as CEDAR and the earlier SAE 5000A and Burwen TNE 7000 ) is applied to the playback of phonograph records to attenuate the sound of scratches, pops, and surface non-linearities.

Single-ended signaling is used with coaxial cables, in which one conductor totally screens the other from the environment.

* Single-ended signaling referred to a common signal ground limits the noise immunity and transmission distance.

Single-ended pre-recording systems ( such as Dolby HX Pro ) work to affect the recording medium at the time of recording.

Single-ended hiss reduction systems ( such as DNL or DNR ) work to reduce noise as it occurs, including both before and after the recording process as well as for live broadcast applications.

Finally, information is retrieved from the dictionary as required by stages of the translation process -- the grammatical description for sentence-structure determination, equivalent-choice information for semantic analysis, and target-language equivalents for output construction.

Due to the large number of calculations, a work in progress is usually only rendered in detail appropriate to the portion of the work being developed at a given time, so in the initial stages of modeling, wireframe and ray casting may be used, even where the target output is ray tracing with radiosity.

* Push-pull output or single-ended output stages

* They are very inefficient ; a theoretical maximum of 50 % is obtainable with inductive output coupling and only 25 % with capacitive coupling, unless deliberate use of nonlinearities is made ( such as in square-law output stages ).

Inefficiency comes not just from the fact that the device is always conducting to some extent ( that happens even with class AB, yet its efficiency can be close to that of class B ); it is that the standing current is roughly half the maximum output current ( although this can be less with square law output stage ), together with the problem that a large part of the power supply voltage is developed across the output device at low signal levels ( as with classes AB and B, but unlike output stages such as class D ).

* For those who prefer low distortion figures, the use of tubes with class A ( generating little odd-harmonic distortion, as mentioned above ) together with symmetrical circuits ( such as push – pull output stages, or balanced low-level stages ) results in the cancellation of most of the even distortion harmonics, hence the removal of most of the distortion.

Class-A amplifiers are often used in output stages of high quality op-amps ( although the accuracy of the bias in low cost op-amps such as the 741 may result in class A or class AB or class B, varying from device to device or with temperature ).

The description of the 741 output stage is qualitatively similar for many other designs ( that may have quite different input stages ), except:

However the larger older styles continued to be used especially as higher power rectifiers, in higher power audio output stages and as transmitting tubes.

The start of the price rises actually predated the large-scale influx of bullion from across the Atlantic, reflecting in part a quintupling of silver production in central Europe in 1460-1530: though this output fell by two-thirds by the 1610s, it was significant in fueling the early stages of inflation that undermined a price regime in place since the previous upsurge in silver production in 1170-1320.

Amplitude modulated ( AM ) transmitters with optionally – variable frequency, using class-C power output stages with plate modulation, are the workhorses of international shortwave broadcasting, including numbers stations.

Later, Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter argued that a Juglar cycle has four stages: ( i ) expansion ( increase in production and prices, low interests rates ); ( ii ) crisis ( stock exchanges crash and multiple bankruptcies of firms occur ); ( iii ) recession ( drops in prices and in output, high interests rates ); ( iv ) recovery ( stocks recover because of the fall in prices and incomes ).

The energy produced by the fissioning of unenriched natural uranium, when utilized as the tamper material in the secondary and subsequent stages in the Teller-Ulam design, can evidently dwarf the fusion yield output, as was the case in the Castle Bravo test ; realising that a non-fissionable tamper material is an essential requirement in a ' clean ' bomb, it is clear that in such a bomb there will now be a relatively massive amount of material that does not undergo any mass-to-energy conversions whatsoever.

* Large Format Slide Projector for use on stages, at large events, or for architectural and advertising installations where high light output is needed.

It is also an interactive process, so that the draft output of each stage is checked to see what impact it has on the earlier stages, and is amended.

We would be crippled by reduced output, industrial decline, widespread unemployment ''.

Also, it should be noted that the polytonal freedom of his melodies and harmonic modulations, the brilliant orchestrations, the adroitness for evading the heaviness of figured bass, the skill in florid counterpoint were not lost in his mature output, even in the spectacular historical dramas of the stage and cinema, where a large, dramatic canvas of sound was required.

But in any event, full credit should be given to the Cost Section for its express and overt recognition of a vital distinction too often ignored in utility-cost analyses: namely, that between a cost allocation designed to reflect the actual behavior of costs in response to changes in rates of output of different classes of utility service ; ;

As it will be shown later, the field-flattening properties of the interstage and output fiber coupler comprise indeed the main advantage of such a design.

It must be remembered that the fiber plates replace a glass window and a ( mica ) membrane, in addition to an optical output lens system.

Neglecting absorption, the end losses of the coupling membrane and the output window Af would be 6 percent and 8 percent.

It is obvious that such an influence can only be expected in the final stage of an image intensifier at rather high output levels.

Thus if the gyro and platform-controller combination maintains the platform with zero angular deviation about the **yf axis, the system can be rotated with an angular velocity Af if a torque is supplied to the gyro output axis Aj.

It is assumed that the gyros are designed with electrical torquers so that a torque can be applied about their output axes.

" Thus Boolos and Jeffrey are saying that an algorithm implies instructions for a process that " creates " output integers from an arbitrary " input " integer or integers that, in theory, can be chosen from 0 to infinity.

In computer systems, an algorithm is basically an instance of logic written in software by software developers to be effective for the intended " target " computer ( s ), in order for the target machines to produce output from given input ( perhaps null ).

Competing machines such as the Altair 8800 generally were programmed with front-mounted toggle switches and used indicator lights ( red LEDs, most commonly ) for output, and had to be extended with separate hardware to allow connection to a computer terminal or a teletypewriter machine.

( The largest problem that could be solved without the use of the intermediate output and input was two simultaneous equations, a trivial problem.

Although cheap and effective in enabling use of some software that only used official ROM entry points for text output, this solution proved very slow because the Electron had to be placed into an 80-byte-pitch display to be able to get anywhere near to reproducing mode 7 and the CPU spent a lot of time drawing approximations of mode 7 characters and graphics that in a hardware solution would be achieved without any CPU processing.

The speaker can be programmatically switched on or off at any time but is permanently attached to a hardware counter so is normally only able to output a square wave.

The numerical output, however, might also be a vector or a shape.

Compounds containing calcium may also increase calcium output in the urine, which might be associated with kidney stones.

With LAFTA in place existing productive capacity could be used more fully to supply regional needs, industries could reduce costs as a result of potential economies through expanded output and regional specialization, and attraction to new investment occurred as a result of the regional market area.

RF amplifiers are often specified in terms of the maximum power gain obtainable, while the voltage gain of audio amplifiers and instrumentation amplifiers will be more often specified ( since the amplifier's input impedance will often be much higher than the source impedance, and the load impedance higher than the amplifier's output impedance ).

Professional touring amplifiers often have input and / or output filtering to sharply limit frequency response beyond ; too much of the amplifier's potential output power would otherwise be wasted on infrasonic and ultrasonic frequencies, and the danger of AM radio interference would increase.

* the bandwidth of the output of some light source, e. g., an ASE source or a laser ; the bandwidth of ultrashort optical pulses can be particularly large