The Indians were led by Amba Prasad Sufi, who during the war was joined by Kedar Nath Sondhi, Rishikesh Letha and Amin Chaudhry.

The current resistance to Russian rule has its roots in the late 18th century ( 1785 – 1791 ), a period when Russia expanded into territories formerly under the dominion of Turkey and Persia ( see also the Russo-Turkish Wars and Russo-Persian War ( 1804 – 1813 )), under Mansur Ushurma — a Chechen Naqshbandi ( Sufi ) Sheikh — with wavering support from other North Caucasian tribes.

* 1951 – Tahir-ul-Qadri, Pakistani Islamic Sufi Scholar

He is classified as one of the world's first great science communicators – he is said to have convinced a Sufi theologist that the world turns on an axis.

* 1882 – Inayat Khan, Indian Sufi and educator ( d. 1927 )

Dougan says that while Omar is a minor Sufi teacher compared to the giants – Rumi, Attar and Sana ’ i, for us he is a marvelous man because we can feel for him and understand his approach.

* February 19 – Shaykh-ul-Islam Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, Pakistani Islamic Sufi scholar and leader

* May 10 – Mir Ghotbeddin Mohammad Angha, 40th master of the Oveyssi Sufi Order ( d. 1962 )

* date unknown – Abd-al-karim Jili, Sufi author ( d. 1424 )

* Approximate date – Rabia Basri, Muslim saint, Sufi mystic and classical Islamic poetess ( d. 801 )

* May 25 – ' Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi, Muslim astronomer

* 1273 – December – Followers of the recently deceased Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi establish the Sufi order of the Whirling Dervishes in the city of Konya ( in present-day Turkey ).

* 1276 – Ahmad al-Badawi, founder of the Sufi tariqah of Badawiyyah ( b. 1199 )

* date unknown – Khwaja Bande Nawaz, Sufi saint ( d. 1422 )

* April 3 – Nizamuddin Auliya, Sufi saint ( b. 1238 )

* December – Followers of the recently deceased Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi establish the Sufi order of the Whirling Dervishes in the city of Konya ( in present-day Turkey ).

* December 17 – Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, Persian poet and Sufi mystic ( b. 1207 )

* June 10 – Fakhruddin ' Iraqi, Persian philosopher and Sufi mystic

* September 30 – Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, Persian poet and Sufi mystic ( d. 1273 )

* June 16 – Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami, Persian Sufi and Sufi writer

* March 26 – Mansur Al-Hallaj, Sufi writer

* December 7 – Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi, Persian astronomer

Inayat Khan () ( July 5, 1882 – February 5, 1927 ) was the founder of The Sufi Order in the West in 1914 ( London ) and teacher of Universal Sufism.

In 1919 Lewis entered a Sufi community in Fairfax, California where he met and was influenced by the teachings of Hazrat Inayat Khan an Indian Sufi teacher and musician.

* The Singing Caravan, a Sufi Tale ( 1919 )

The Imam Hasan Ali Shah was born in 1804 in Kahak, Iran to Shah Khalil Allah, the 45th Ismaili Imam, and Bibi Sarkara, the daughter of Muhammad Sadiq Mahallati ( d. 1815 ), a poet and a Ni ‘ mat Allahi Sufi.

It is a pilgrimage centre for the shrine of the Sufi Saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti and is also the base for visiting Pushkar ( 11 km ), an ancient Hindu pilgrimage city, famous for the temple of Brahma.

For more see Fana ( Sufism ), Baqaa, Yaqeen, Kashf, Manzil, Haqiqa, Sufi metaphysics, Sufi philosophy.

Other lesser known tombs are that of Shah Shoja ' ( the Mozafarid emir of Persia, and patron of Hafiz ), and the Haft Tanan mausoleum, where 7 Sufi mystics are buried.

The miraculous prowess of the Sufi holy men includes firasa ( clairvoyance ), the ability to disappear from sight, to become completely invisible and practice buruz ( exteriorization ).

* Muhyī al-Dīn Ibn al -‘ Arabī ( 1165 – 1240 ), Sufi master and author

Then he will reveal to him the Pen, the First Intellect ( as it is called by Sufi philosophers ), then the Mover of the Pen, the right hand of the Truth.

* Sama ( Sufism ), form of Sufi ritual ceremony

He believed in the Vedantic concept of atman, but unlike earlier orthodox Vedantins, he spurned the Hindu societal caste system and murti-pujan ( idol worship ), showing clear belief in both bhakti and Sufi ideas.

* Hacı Bayram-ı Veli ( 1352 – 1430 ), Turkish poet, founder of the Bayrami Sufi sect

* The Xaadir ( Qādiriyya ), the oldest, originally founded in Baghdad by the Sufi mystic Abdul Qādir al-Jilānī in the 12th Century, now pan-Islamic, spread to Senegal in the 18th Century.

There are four main tariqas in Sufism: the Naqshbandi Order ( named after Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari ), the Chishti Order ( named after Khawaja Moduud Chisti while Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti is most famous Sufi Saint of this order ), the Qadiri Order ( named after Shaykh ` Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī ), and the Suhrawardi Order ( named after Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi ).

While philosophy did indeed decline in the western Islamic world ( Al-Andalus and the Maghreb ), recent research has shown that philosophy continued long after in the eastern Islamic world ( Persia and India ), where the Avicennian, Illuminationist and Sufi schools predominated, until Islamic philosophy reached its zenith with Mulla Sadra's existentialist school of transcendent theosophy in the 17th century.

Idries Shah ( 16 June 1924 – 23 November 1996 ) (, ), also known as Idris Shah, né Sayed Idries el-Hashimi ( Arabic: سيد إدريس هاشمي ), was an author and teacher in the Sufi tradition who wrote over three dozen critically acclaimed books on topics ranging from psychology and spirituality to travelogues and culture studies.

* William Chittick ( 1983 ), The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-87395-724-5

According to Osman Yahia in Baghdad Ibn ‘ Arabī met with the famous Sufi Shihābuddīn Suharwardī ( d. 632 ), author of the ‘ Awārif al-ma ’ ārif who was personal advisor to Caliph al-Nāṣir.

* The Meccan Illuminations ( Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya ), his largest work in 37 volumes originally and published in 4 or 8 volumes in modern times, discussing a wide range of topics from mystical philosophy to Sufi practices and records of his dreams / visions.

), who composed epic paraphrases of parts of the Bible, such as the Musa-nama ( history of Moses ); later poets composed lyric poetry of a Sufi cast.