An excellent article was published recently in the Journal Of The Church Peace Union by a South African journalist on the inhuman economic conditions of the blacks in South Africa, amounting to virtual slavery, and the economic complicity of both the government and the people of the United States in these conditions.

Category: Member states of the African Union

Angola is basically interested in the participation of the FAA operations of the African Union and has formed special units for this purpose.

Both are members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the African Union and other multilateral organizations.

* African Union

It should foster mutual regional trade among the member states, as well as with the US and Canada, the Pacific Union, the African Union, and the European Union.

Listed bonds were partly issued by companies and partly by governments of the West African Monetary and Economic Union ( UEMOA ).

Botswana joins the African consensus on most major international matters and is a member of international organizations such as the United Nations and the African Union.

These directives implied precise emphasis on: the search for political coordination with emerging and developing countries, namely India, South Africa, Russia and China ; creation of the Union of South American Nations and its derivative bodies, such as the South American Security Council ; strengthening of Mercosul ; projection at the Doha Round and WTO ; maintenance of relations with developed countries, including the United States ; undertaking and narrowing of relations with African countries ; campaign for the reform of the United Nations Security Council and for a permanent seat for Brazil ; and defense of social objectives allowing for a greater equilibrium between the States and populations.

Burkina Faso has good relations with the European Union, African and Asian countries.

Burundi is a member of various international and regional organizations, including the United Nations, the African Union, the African Development Bank and the Francophonie.

Chad has been an active champion of regional cooperation through the Central African Economic and Customs Union, the Lake Chad and Niger River Basin Commissions, and the Interstate Commission for the Fight Against the Drought in the Sahel.

* Central African Customs and Economic Union ( UDEAC )

* Economic and Monetary Union of Central African ( CEMAC )

At present, the capital city of N ' Djamena hosts 17 embassies, including those of the United States, Egypt, Algeria, Iraq, Sudan, Germany, the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, Cameroon, and the European Union.

Apart from the United Nations, Cameroon is very active in other multilateral organisations or global institutions such as the Francophonie, the Commonwealth, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, The Group of 77, the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Union and the Economic Community of Central African States.

In June later that year, the African Union ( AU ) lifted sanctions against the country, which had been applied after the 2003 coup.

The Central African Republic is an active member in several Central African organizations, including the Economic and Monetary Union ( CEMAC ), the Economic Community of Central African States ( CEEAC ), the Central African Peace and Security Council ( COPAX-still under formation ), and the Central Bank of Central African States ( BEAC ).

He headed the formation of both the New Partnership for Africa's Development ( NEPAD ) and the African Union ( AU ) and has played influential roles in brokering peace deals in Rwanda, Burundi, Ivory Coast and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

He sees African dependence on aid and foreign intervention as a major barrier to the continent's being taken seriously in the world of economics and politics, and sees structures like NEPAD and the AU as part of a process in which Africa solves its own problems without relying on outside assistance.

The New Partnership for Africa's Development ( NEPAD ) is an economic development program of the African Union.

NEPAD aims to provide an overarching vision and policy framework for accelerating economic co-operation and integration among African countries.

NEPAD is a merger of two plans for the economic regeneration of Africa: the Millennium Partnership for the African Recovery Programme ( MAP ), led by Former President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa in conjunction with Former President Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria and President Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria ; and the OMEGA Plan for Africa developed by President Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal.

NEPAD is now a program of the African Union ( AU ) that has replaced the OAU in 2002, though it has its own secretariat based in South Africa to coordinate and implement its programmes.

The HSGIC to which the NEPAD secretariat reports comprises three states for each region of the African Union, with former President Obasanjo ( Nigeria ) as elected chair, and Presidents Bouteflika ( Algeria ) and Wade ( Senegal ) as deputy chairmen.

The NEPAD Secretariat is not responsible for the implementation of development programs itself, but works with the African Regional Economic Communities -- the building blocks of the African Union.

Many individual African states have also established national NEPAD structures responsible for liaison with the continental initiatives on economic reform and development programs.

In July 2002, members of some 40 African social movements, trade unions, youth and women's organizations, NGOs, religious organizations and others endorsed the African Civil Society Declaration on NEPAD rejecting NEPAD ; a similar hostile view was taken by African scholars and activist intellectuals in the 2002 Accra Declaration on Africa's Development Challenges.

The aim of promoting greater regional integration and trade among African states is welcomed by many, even as the fundamental macroeconomic principles NEPAD endorses remain contested.

* NEPAD African Western and Southern Networks of centre of Excellence in water sciences

* South African Department of Foreign Affairs NEPAD page

* AllAfrica. com compilation of articles from the African media on NEPAD

* Compilation of news stories on NEPAD, the APRM and African Union by the Africa Governance Monitoring and Advocacy Project of the Open Society Institute

Midrand is also the location of the African Union's Pan-African Parliament and of the NEPAD secretariat.

Other areas have been economic cooperation and regional integration ; statistical development in Africa ; the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals in Africa ; the integration of the New Partnership for Africa's Development ( NEPAD ) in the structures and processes of the African Union ; and the development of Common African Positions related to economic, financial and developmet issues.

Cameroon also faces a complaint filed with the African Commission on Human Rights by the Southern Cameroons National Council ( SCNC ) and the Southern Cameroons Peoples Organisation ( SCAPO ) against the Government of the Republic of Cameroon, in which the complainants allege that the Republic of Cameroon is illegally occupying the territory of Southern Cameroons.

A ruling by the African Commission on Human Rights is awaited.

* African Charter on Human and Peoples ' Rights

* African Court on Human and Peoples ' Rights

A study reported in The American Journal of Human Genetics stated, " We analyzed the European genetic contribution to 10 populations of African descent in the United States ( Maywood, Illinois ; Detroit ; New York ; Philadelphia ; Pittsburgh ; Baltimore ; Charleston, South Carolina ; New Orleans ; and Houston ) ... mtDNA haplogroups analysis shows no evidence of a significant maternal Amerindian contribution to any of the 10 populations.

Niger, is a landlocked Sub-Sahara African nation, and over the past two decades has consistently been ranked near or at the bottom of worldwide indexes of the Human development index, GDP, and percapita income.

Southern Cameroons scored a victory in a legal battle against the Republic of Cameroon when the African Commission for Human and Peoples ' Rights found that there were unresolved issues with the constitutional structure of the Republic of Cameroon vis-a-vis Southern Cameroons.

" A Human Being Died That Night: A South African Story of Forgiveness.

* African Court on Human and Peoples ' Rights – regional court established in 2006

Human beings were bought and sold by African tribal chiefs, Arab traders, and the Portuguese.

A Journal of Opinion: African Refugees and Human Rights, 4-6.

( From 2006, Arusha also became the location of the African Court on Human and Peoples ' Rights ).

Human sacrifice was common in West African states up to and during the 19th century.

Human sacrifice was officially banned in the remainder of West African states only by coercion, or in some cases annexation, by either the British or French.

* Robin Law, Human Sacrifice in Pre-Colonial West Africa, African Affairs, Vol.

Human African trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness, African lethargy, or Congo trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease of people and animals, caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the tsetse fly.

According to another study presented by the American Society of Human Genetics Mexicans were found to be 58. 96 % European, 36. 05 % Amerindian, and 5. 03 % African.

* African Human Genome Initiative: Brief biography of Cavalli-Sforza from the Internet archive

Human rights advocates and opponents of the Sudanese government portray China's role in providing weapons and aircraft as a cynical attempt to obtain petroleum and natural gas just as colonial powers once supplied African chieftains with the military means to maintain control as they extracted natural resources.

* the African Charter on Human and Peoples ' Rights for Africa ( 1981, in force since 1986 )

The African Charter on Human and Peoples ' Rights is the region's principal human rights instrument and emerged under the aegis of the Organisation of African Unity ( OAU ) ( since replaced by the African Union ).