It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait.

The Atlantic Ocean, not including Arctic and Antarctic regions

As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean ( which is sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic ), to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south.

It connects to the Arctic Ocean through the Denmark Strait, Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea.

Besides those mentioned, other large bodies of water adjacent to the Atlantic are the Caribbean Sea ; the Gulf of Mexico ; Hudson Bay ; the Arctic Ocean ; the Mediterranean Sea ; the North Sea ; the Baltic Sea and the Celtic Sea.

The Arctic Circle passes through the Arctic Ocean, the Scandinavian Peninsula, North Asia, Northern America and Greenland.

Further north along the Continental Divide, a short portion of the combined Continental and Laurentian divides separate the Columbia watershed from the MacKenzie-Slave-Athabasca watershed, which empties into the Arctic Ocean.

The Nelson and Mackenzie watersheds are separated by a divide between streams flowing to the Arctic Ocean and those of the Hudson Bay watershed.

Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea and connected waterways to the southeast.

Their homeland – the Inuvialuit Settlement Region – covers the Arctic Ocean coastline area from the Alaskan border east to Amundsen Gulf and includes the western Canadian Arctic Islands.

* The nation itself is the second northernmost country in Europe after Iceland, third place if one considers the Norwegian overseas-territory of Svalbard, an island in the Arctic Ocean, part of Europe.

* 1934 – The Soviet steamship Cheliuskin sinks in the Arctic Ocean.

The German army did not alter its military plans concerning Finland after the peace treaty with the Bolsheviks because the Civil War of the Finns had opened an easy access with low costs to Fennoscandia, and because troops of a British Naval squadron had invaded the harbour of Murmansk on the northwestern coast of Russia by the Arctic Ocean on 9 March 1918.

Greenland is located between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada and northwest of Iceland.

Their combined territory was extended by a licence to the North-Western Territory, so it reached to the Arctic Ocean on the North and the Pacific Ocean on the West.

* Arctic Ocean

The Arctic watershed ( or drainage basin ) drains northern parts of Manitoba, Alberta and British Columbia, most of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut as well as parts of Yukon into the Arctic Ocean, including the Beaufort Sea and Baffin Bay.

Each of these elements eventually merges with the Mackenzie so that it thereby drains the vast majority of the Arctic watershed.

One of the northernmost major rivers in the North America, it drains a remote area of tundra on the north side of the Brooks Range entirely above the Arctic Circle.

Among the people of the Arctic the Norwegians have the easiest climate, with most ports in North Norway remaining ice-free all the year as a result of the Gulf Stream.

The smith hero Völundr is identified as ' Ruler of Elves ' ( vísi álfa ) and ' One among the Elven Folk ' ( álfa ljóði ), in the poem Völundarkviða, whose later prose introduction also identifies him as the son of a king of ' Finnar ', an Arctic people respected for their shamanic magic ( most likely, the sami ).

In his most recent book, " The Vanishing Face of Gaia ", he rejects scientific modelling that disagrees with the scientific findings that sea levels are rising faster, and Arctic ice is melting faster, than the models predict and he suggests that we may already be beyond the tipping point of terrestrial climate into a permanently hot state.

Until 2009, the Arctic pack ice prevented regular marine shipping throughout most of the year, but climate change has reduced the pack ice, and this Arctic shrinkage made the waterways more navigable.

It has extremes of many kinds: some of the highest sea cliffs in the UK at St John's Head, which reach ; the impressive and famous sea stack, the Old Man of Hoy ; some of the most northerly surviving natural woodland in the British Isles ; the remote possibility that Arctic Char survive in Heldale Water and the most northerly Martello Towers, which were built to defend the area during the Napoleonic War, but were never used in combat.

Pokey lives in the Arctic, unlike most penguins, which live in the Southern Hemisphere.

Research on Svalbard centers around Longyearbyen and Ny-Ålesund, the most accessible areas in the high Arctic.

They do not extend north of the Arctic tree line, with the northernmost species, Salamandrella keyserlingii occurring in the Siberian larch forests of Sakha and of the most northerly species in North America, Ambystoma laterale reaching no further than Labrador and Taricha granulosa not beyond the Alaska Panhandle.

Viking expeditions ( blue line ): depicting the immense breadth of their voyages through most of Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Northern Africa, Asia Minor, the Arctic and North America

Hecateus of Abdera writes that the Oceanus of the Hyperboreans is neither the Arctic Ocean nor Western Ocean, but the sea located to the north of the ancient Greek world, called " the most admirable of all seas " by Herodotus ( lib.

For most of the year, Nuuk is served twice-weekly by coastal ferries of Arctic Umiaq Line which link the communities of the western coast.

The Arctic route was the shortest and most direct route for lend-lease aid to the USSR, though it was also the most dangerous.

Canna cultivars are grown in most countries, even those with territory above the Arctic Circle, which have short summers but long days, and the rapid growth rate of cannas makes them a feasible gardening plant, as long as they receive 6 – 8 hours of sunlight each day during the growing season and are protected from the cold of winter.

Lying within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, it is considered part of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, with Cape Columbia being the most northerly point of land in Canada.

The Arctic Cordillera mountain system covers much of Ellesmere Island, making it the most mountainous in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

He is most famous as an Arctic explorer, and an advocate of international cooperation for scientific polar exploration.

The latest IPY brought about the most ambitious Arctic climate change research project ever undertaken in Canada, a $ 150-million ( CAD ) research program called the Circumpolar Flaw Lead ( CFL ) System Study.

This claim is recognized by most countries with some exceptions, including the United States ; Denmark, Russia, and Norway have made claims similar to those of Canada in the Arctic and are opposed by the European Union and the U. S.

Research on Svalbard centers around Longyearbyen and Ny-Ålesund, the most accessible areas in the high Arctic.

During the same period, vessels targeting right and bowhead whales in the Gulf of Alaska, Sea of Okhotsk, and the Western Arctic would take the odd gray whale if neither of the more desirable two species were in sight.

According to Agassiz the provinces that the different races were created in included Western American Temperate ( the indigenous peoples west of the Rockies ); Eastern American Temperate ( east of the Rockies ); Tropical Asiatic ( south of the Himalayas ); Temperate Asiatic ( east of the Urals and north of the Himalayas ); South American Temperate ( South America ); New Holland ( Australia ); Arctic ( Alaska and Arctic Canada ); Cape of Good Hope ( South Africa ); and American Tropical ( Central America and the West Indies ).

" Due to Arctic shrinkage, the Beluga group of Bremen, Germany, sent the first Western commercial vessels through the Northern Sea Route ( Northeast Passage ) in 2009.

From the 15th century onwards, European ships went further north, stayed longer on the Grand Banks and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and eventually began to explore the Pacific Northwest and the Western Arctic.

A database of information about the conference and its services was hosted by Teleglobe Canada in Toronto on their Novatex system, with the information translated into English, French, Danish, Inuktitut, Greenlandic, Labradorian, Inupiag, Yupik and Western Arctic.

During the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, sea level was so high that a Western Interior Seaway formed across North America from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean.

Many species, such as Dunlin and Western Sandpiper, undertake long movements from their Arctic breeding grounds to warmer locations in the same hemisphere, but others such as Semipalmated Sandpiper travel longer distances to the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere.

Anadyr included a military deception campaign intended to mislead Western intelligence forces: personnel were issued Arctic equipment and trained for cold weather, and the operation itself was named for the Anadyr river in the northern part of the Russian Far East.

In Alaska, the Western Arctic Caribou herd traverses the Brooks Range in its annual migration.

The ancient grammarian Simmias of Rhodes in the 3rd century BC connected the Hyperboreans to the Massagetae and Posidonius in the 1st century BC to the Western Celts, but Pomponius Mela placed them even further north in the vicinity of the Arctic.

Gibraltar of the Western Arctic.

Technically WWVB is the only option for reliable time signals during solar storms in the Western Arctic, based on WWVB's published pattern maps.

In this occult belief, Evola was additionally influenced by Arctic Home in the Vedas by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, which posited the polar North as the original home of the white Ur-Aryan tribes before their later separation into Western ( Hellenic, Roman, Celtic, Germanic ) and Eastern ( Iranian, Indo-Aryan ) divisions.

* Robert McGhee – Archaeologist and author specializing in the archaeology of the Arctic, currently Curator of Western Arctic Archaeology at the Canadian Museum of Civilization.

Although some indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere did have domestic dogs or caninae ; including the current Southwestern US, Aztec and other Central American peoples, the inhabitants of the Arctic / Tundra regions ( Inuit, Aleut, Cree ), and possibly some South American groups similar to South American fox ( Pseudalopex culpaeus ) or Yagan dog, during the conquest of the Americas, Spanish conquistadors used Spanish Mastiffs and other Molossers in battle against the Taínos, Aztecs and Mayans.

C. c. rufa breeds in the Canadian low Arctic, and winters South America, and C. c. islandica breeds in the Canadian high Arctic as well as Greenland, and winters in Western Europe.

Similar totem-like beliefs have been historically present in societies throughout much of the world, including Africa, Arabia, Asia, Australia, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and the Arctic polar region.

However, during the winter of 2010-11 in Northern and Western Europe, the Icelandic low, typically positioned west of Iceland and east of Greenland, appeared regularly to the east of Iceland and so allowed exceptionally cold air into Europe from the Arctic.

Greenlandic Inuit are part of the Eastern Arctic group ; the Eastern Arctic Inuit of Canada and Alaska are part of the same music area as the Central Arctic Inuit, as opposed to the distinct styles of the Western Inuit.