The Cremona elephant as depicted in the Chronica maiora, Part II, Parker Library, MS 16, fol.

Frederick made a triumphal entrance in the allied city of Cremona, with the Carroccio towed by an elephant and Tiepolo chained on it.

When the Arabic text was translated into Latin, the translator Gerard of Cremona ( probably in Spain ) mistook the Arabic word كلاب for kilāb ( the plural of كلب kalb ), meaning " dogs ", writing hastile habens canes (" spearshaft having dogs ").

Yet the coup was less successful than hoped: Cremona remained in French hands, and the Duke of Vendôme, whose talents far exceeded Villeroi's, became the theatre's new commander.

" The surprise at Cremona ," wrote the diarist John Evelyn, "… was the greate discourse of this weeke "; but appeals for succour from Vienna remained unheeded, forcing Eugene to seek battle and gain a ' lucky hitt '.

Eugene's European reputation was growing ( Cremona and Luzzara had been celebrated as victories throughout the Allied capitals ), yet because of the condition and morale of his troops the 1702 campaign had not been a success.

An early example of the use of the word " nation " ( in conjunction with language and territory ) was provided in 968 by Liutprand ( the bishop of Cremona ) who, while confronting the Byzantine emperor, Nicephorus II, on behalf of his patron Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, declared:

He studied at Perugia and Padua, was ordained a priest and swiftly appointed Bishop of Cremona, in 1560, in time to participate in the sessions of the Council of Trent from 1561 to 1563.

However, the source for this was Liutprand of Cremona, who mistakenly placed the cadaver synod in the pontificate of Sergius III, instead of Stephen VI.

Lucca was the capital but Pisa was the most important city, as in the middle of 10th century Liutprand of Cremona, bishop of Cremona, called Pisa (" capital of the province of Tuscia "), and one century later the marquis of Tuscia was commonly referred to as " marquis of Pisa ".

Among other things, Julius wanted the Venetian possession of Romagna ; Emperor Maximilian I wanted Friuli and Veneto ; Louis XII wanted Cremona ; and Ferdinand II wanted the Apulian ports. This war was a conflict in what was collectively known as the " Italian Wars ".

Sofonisba Anguissola ( also spelled Anguisciola ) ( c. 1532 – 16 November 1625 ) was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Cremona.

Sofonisba Anguissola was born in Cremona, Lombardy, around 1532, the oldest of seven children, six of whom were girls.

At the age of forty-seven, while traveling home to Cremona, Anguissola met the considerably younger Orazio Lomellino, the captain of the ship on which she was traveling.

Her work was allied to the worldly tradition of Cremona, influenced greatly by the art of Parma and Mantua, in which even religious works were imbued with extreme delicacy and charm.

An unwise reference by the pope to Nikephoros II Phokas, the ruler in Constantinople, as " Greek " in a letter while Otto's ambassador, Liudprand of Cremona, was in the Byzantine court, had destroyed the first round of negotiations.

According to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy.

After the book of the Zohar was printed ( in Mantua and in Cremona, in the Jewish years 5318-5320 ( CE 1558-1560?

The note reads: " The first years of his life Virgil spent in Cremona, right until the assumption of his toga virilis, which he accepted on his 17th birthday, when the same two men held the consulate, as when he was born, and it so happened that on the very same day Lucretius the poet passed away.

Maurice Besnier has remarked that a temple to Iuppiter was dedicated by praetor Lucius Furius Purpureo before the battle of Cremona against the Celtic Cenomani of Cisalpine Gaul.

Lie decided then to visit Luigi Cremona in Milan but he was arrested at Fontainebleau under suspicion of being a German spy, an event which made him famous in Norway.

The Tube was presented live by hosts including Jools Holland, Paula Yates, Leslie Ash, Muriel Gray, Gary James, Michel Cremona, Nick Laird-Clowes and Mike Everitt.

* Frederick II calls the Imperial Diet of Cremona.

In 1225, after agreeing with pope Honorius to launch a Crusade not after 1227, Frederick summoned an imperial diet at Cremona, the main pro-imperial city in Lombardy: the main arguments would be the struggle against heresy, the organization of the crusade and, above all, the restoration of the imperial power in northern Italy, which had been long usurped by the numerous communes there.

When Frederick Barbarossa descended into Italy to assert his authority, Cremona sided with him in order to gain his support against Crema, which had rebelled with the help of Milan.

In 1232, Cremona allied itself with Emperor Frederick II, who was again trying to reassert the Empire's authority over Northern Italy.

In the spring of 1226, when floods, famine, and plague wrought havoc in Thuringia, Louis, a staunch supporter of the Hohenstaufen Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, represented Frederick II at the Reichstag ( Imperial Diet ) in Cremona.

In 1159, after it had signed an alliance with Milan against the Ghibelline Cremona, Crema was besieged, stormed and destroyed by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.

Emperor Conrad II settled the quarrel by entering in Cremona in 1037 together with the young Pope Benedict IX.

Before Artemisia, between the end of the 1500 and the beginning of 1600 other female painters had successful careers, including Sofonisba Anguissola ( Born in Cremona around 1530 – Palermo around 1625 ), was called into Spain by King Philip II and Lavinia Fontana ( Bologna, 1552 – Rome 1614 ) departed for Rome by invitation of Pope Clement VIII.

Shortly after the Council, he swore an oath of loyalty to Pope Urban II in Cremona and served as the Pope's strator, leading the Pope's horse as a symbolic gesture of humility.

De Mercy displayed great daring in the first campaigns of the Spanish Succession War in Italy, twice fell into the hands of the enemy in rights at close quarters and for his conduct at the surprise of Cremona ( 31 January 1702 ) received the thanks of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and the proprietary colonelcy of a newly raised cuirassier regiment.

In fact, Bishop Liutprand of Cremona, a delegate of the Frankish court, was briefly imprisoned in Constantinople for not referring to the Roman emperor by his appropriate title, and in reprisal for his king, Otto I, claiming the " Roman " title by styling himself as Holy Roman Emperor.

Moving swiftly along Roman roads, Alaric sacked the cities of Aquileia and Cremona and ravaged the lands along the Adriatic Sea.

* A Roman army under Scipio rushes to the Po River to protect the recently founded Roman colonies of Placentia ( modern Piacenza ) and Cremona.

* Roman forces defeat the Gauls of Cisalpine Gaul in the Battle of Cremona.

She was the daughter of the Roman consul Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, and of Theodora, the real power in Rome, whom Liutprand of Cremona characterized as a " shameless whore ... exercised power on the Roman citizenry like a man.

Piacenza and Cremona were founded as a Roman military colonies in May 218 BC.

Publius Quinctilius Varus ( 46 BC in Cremona, Roman Republic – AD 9 in Germania ) was a Roman politician and general under Emperor Augustus, mainly remembered for having lost three Roman legions and his own life when attacked by Germanic leader Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.

Cremona and nearby Placentia ( modern Piacenza, on the south bank of the Po ), were founded in the same year, as bases for penetration into what became the Roman Province of Gallia Cisalpina ( Cisalpine Gaul ).

Cremona was rebuilt with the help of Vespasian himself, but it seems to have failed to regain its former prosperity as it disappeared from history until the 6th century, when it resurfaces as a military outpost of the Eastern Roman ( Byzantine ) Empire during the Gothic War.

However, in 615 queen Theodelinda, a devout Roman Catholic intent on converting her people, had Cremona rebuilt and re-installed a bishop there.

According to the tenth-century historian Liutprand of Cremona, Stephen ( VI ) VII asked Formosus ' corpse why he " usurped the universal Roman See in such a spirit of ambition " after the death of John VIII, echoing John VIII's own assertion that Formosus had tried to seize the papal throne while he was alive.

It is now believed that Theodora ’ s influence over Theophylact was overstated by misogynistic contemporary chroniclers such as Liutprand of Cremona, who wished to exaggerate the corruption of the Roman and Papal court, as a counterpoint to rulers such as Alberic I of Spoleto, and the future emperor Otto I, whom Liutprand later served.

The hot sulphur springs have been famous since this was the Roman town of Aquae Statiellae ; the ancient baths are referred to by Paulus Diaconus and the chronicler Liutprand of Cremona.