* Hough transform

** Arbitrary shapes ( generalized Hough transform )

* Hough transform for detecting straight lines, circles or ellipses from edge points

The Hough transform () is a feature extraction technique used in image analysis, computer vision, and digital image processing.

This voting procedure is carried out in a parameter space, from which object candidates are obtained as local maxima in a so-called accumulator space that is explicitly constructed by the algorithm for computing the Hough transform.

The classical Hough transform was concerned with the identification of lines in the image, but later the Hough transform has been extended to identifying positions of arbitrary shapes, most commonly circles or ellipses.

The Hough transform as it is universally used today was invented by Richard Duda and Peter Hart in 1972, who called it a " generalized Hough transform " after the related 1962 patent of Paul Hough.

The transform was popularized in the computer vision community by Dana H. Ballard through a 1981 journal article titled " Generalizing the Hough transform to detect arbitrary shapes ".

The purpose of the Hough transform is to address this problem by making it possible to perform groupings of edge points into object candidates by performing an explicit voting procedure over a set of parameterized image objects ( Shapiro and Stockman, 304 ).

The simplest case of Hough transform is the linear transform for detecting straight lines.

In the Hough transform, a main idea is to consider the characteristics of the straight line not as image points ( x < sub > 1 </ sub >, y < sub > 1 </ sub >), ( x < sub > 2 </ sub >, y < sub > 2 </ sub >), etc., but instead, in terms of its parameters, i. e., the slope parameter m and the intercept parameter b. Based on that fact, the straight line y = mx + b can be represented as a point ( b, m ) in the parameter space.

However, one faces the problem that vertical lines give rise to unbounded values of the parameters m and b. For computational reasons, it is therefore better to use a different pair of parameters, denoted and ( theta ), for the lines in the Hough transform.

This representation makes the Hough transform conceptually very close to the two-dimensional Radon transform.

The Hough transform is an alternative robust estimation technique that may be useful when more than one model instance is present.

Heading into North Barrington, the road continues its journey as it crosses paths with Illinois Route 59 ( Hough Street ) until soon after, when it nears the more densely populated area of

Julianne Hough became the youngest professional dancer in Dancing with the Stars in the United States when she danced with the speed skater Apolo Anton Ohno during Season four at the age of 18.

The first pledge was written by Lynn Harold Hough, a Methodist minister who had heard Ralph Diffendorfer, secretary to the Methodist Young People's Missionary Movement, promoting the Christian flag at a rally.

Briley has received orchestral commissions, and has written songs for such artists as Céline Dion, * NSYNC, Dream, Michael Bolton, Mietta, Kenny Loggins, Pat Benatar, Jessica Andrews, 5-Star, Jeff Healey, Rebecca St. James, Nana Mouskouri, Willie Nile, Gregg Allman, Nightranger, David Hasselhoff, Patrick Swayze, Michael Monroe, Chastity Bono, Peter Tork, Nikki Webster, Hope Partlow, Natascha Sohl, Ballas Hough, Phil Stacey, Orianthi, The Maine and Barry Manilow.

Each Hough mode is a function of latitude and may be expressed as an infinite sum of associated Legendre polynomials ; the functions are orthogonal over the sphere in the continuous case.

When the coefficients are separated into their height and latitude components, the height dependence takes the form of propagating or evanescent waves ( depending on conditions ), while the latitude dependence is given by the Hough functions.

Hartman soon followed, and in 1972 he and DeGroff joined two classmates, guitarist Greg Hough and drummer Bill Glover, to form Petra.

The next year, the band experienced the first of its numerous lineup changes, as Hough left to form his own band, and DeGroff followed suit, leaving Hartman, Glover and newly hired guitarist / keyboardist / vocalist Rob Frazier.

`` It is a duty '', said Hough, `` not to let pass this opportunity of protesting against the methods of taking and printing testimony in Equity, current in this circuit ( and probably others ), excused if not justified by the rules of the Supreme Court, especially to be found in patent causes, and flagrantly exemplified in this litigation.

The fundamental difficulty of which the Selden case was `` a striking ( though not singular ) example '', concluded Hough, `` will remain as long as testimony is taken without any authoritative judicial officer present, and responsible for the maintenance of discipline, and the reception or exclusion of testimony ''.

J. N. Hough suggests that Plautus ’ s use of Greek is for artistic purposes and not simply because a Latin phrase will not fit the meter.

The University of Louisiana-Monroe owns a one-hundred acre outdoor classroom, located near Hough Bend, that is used primarily for tree identification.

* Hough's Neck is a northeastern peninsular community named for Atherton Hough, who was granted the land in 1636 for use as a farm and orchard.

Huntersville is served by Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools, with students from Huntersville attending Hough High School ( which opened in the fall of 2010 ), Hopewell High School and North Mecklenburg High School.

'< p >" Over three centuries later, Walter Hough ( 1912 ) wrote: ' There is a great confusion as to the identity of copal, the name, according to some writers, being used to cover a number of gums.

Phillips is presently reported to be in a relationship with US show jumping rider Lauren Hough, at 35 some four months younger than his son.

The ( r, θ ) plane is sometimes referred to as Hough space for the set of straight lines in two dimensions.

where s is the distance of L from the origin and is the angle the normal vector to L makes with the x axis ( see also Hough space ).

The first hoop skirt in the US is from 1846, patent number 4, 584 of David Hough, Jr.

Delayed onset muscle soreness was first described in 1902 by Theodore Hough, who concluded that this kind of soreness is " fundamentally the result of ruptures within the muscle ".

For instance, Hough End Crescent was meant to be an arc of very large houses, linking the ends of Alexandra and Withington Roads.

It was Lindzen, in his 1966 paper, On the theory of the diurnal tide ,< ref > who showed that the solution set of Hough functions given by Bernard Haurwitz to Laplace's tidal equation was incomplete: modes with negative equivalent depths had been omitted.

Mr. George Hough ( Oct. 30 ) sounds like a business man who waits until the last minute to leave his home or shop.

In a long and angry footnote to his opinion, Judge Hough had lent the weight of judicial condemnation to such criticism.

Observing that `` reforms sometimes begin with the contemplation of horrible examples '', Hough catalogued the many abuses encouraged by existing procedures.

It will be recalled that in his summation for the A.L.A.M. before Judge Hough, Fish had condemned patent litigation as the curse of the American industrial community.

* 1863 – Augustus Edward Hough Love, English mathematician ( d. 1940 )

Stalin, in contrast to the others, has often been viewed as standing alone ; as Jerry F. Hough explained, he has often been viewed as " a cynical Machiavellian interested only in power.

While Jerry F. Hough agrees with Daniels analysis, he states that other factors must be included ; for example an official with a bad relationship with the General Secretary would not be appointed to the Central Committee.

Charlie Hough was the starting pitcher for that game.

On the same day, the Marlins played their last game at Sun Life Stadium with Charlie Hough and Benito Santiago being the first pitch battery, the same battery from the first Marlins game.

The fellows believed Farmer ineligible under the college's statutes and so elected John Hough instead.

& Hough, L. M.

Elizabeth was among the cast of the sixth season of Dancing with the Stars, partnered with Derek Hough.

After being eliminated from Dancing with the Stars in April 2008, Elizabeth began dating Derek Hough, her dancing partner on the show.

Coupled with powerful batters like Juan González, Rubén Sierra, Julio Franco, and Rafael Palmeiro and a pitching staff that also included Charlie Hough, Bobby Witt, Kevin Brown, and Kenny Rogers, fans held really high expectations for the Rangers upcoming season.

** The Hough Riots break out in Cleveland, Ohio, the city's first race riot.

Franklin B. Hough was appointed the head of the office.