A shocked Mandarin ( bureaucrat ) | mandarin in Manchu people | Manchu robe in the back, with Queen Victoria ( British Empire ), Wilhelm II of Germany | Wilhelm II ( German Empire ), Nicholas II of Russia | Nicholas II ( Russian Empire | Imperial Russia ), Marianne ( French Third Republic ), and a samurai ( Empire of Japan ) stabbing into a king cake with Chine (" China " in French ) written on it.

A French political cartoon depicting Qing dynasty | China as a king cake is about to be carved up by Queen Victoria ( British Empire | Britain ), Wilhelm II ( German Empire | Germany ), Nicholas II of Russia | Nicolas II ( Russian Empire | Russia ), Marianne ( Third French Republic | France ), and a samurai ( Empire of Japan | Japan ) while a Mandarin ( bureaucrat ) | Mandarin official helplessly looks on.

A shocked Mandarin ( bureaucrat ) | mandarin in Manchu robes in the back, with Victoria of the United Kingdom | Queen Victoria ( United Kingdom ), Wilhelm II, German Emperor | Wilhelm II ( Germany ), Nicholas II of Russia | Nicholas II ( Russia ), Marianne ( France ), and Emperor Meiji ( Japan ) discussing how to cut up a king cake with Chine (" China " in French ) written on it.

The most successful Chinese female recording artist, " Queen of Mandarin songs " Teresa Teng also crossed over to Cantopop.

The TFC has also collaborated with Seiji Ozawa and the Boston Symphony Orchestra on numerous recordings, including Mahler's Second, Third, and Eighth symphonies, Strauss's Elektra, Schoenberg's Gurre-Lieder, and Bartók's The Miraculous Mandarin, on Philips ; Mendelssohn's complete incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream, on Deutsche Grammophon ; and Berlioz's Requiem and La damnation de Faust, Fauré's Requiem, and Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades, on RCA Victor Red Seal.

Compare these transcriptions of Chinese 道: Wade – Giles tao or tao < sup > 4 </ sup > ( marking 4th tone ), Legge romanization tâo, Latinxua Sin Wenz dau, Yale Romanization dàu, Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II dau, Hanyu Pinyin dào, Tongyong Pinyin daˋo, Gwoyeu Romatzyh or National Romanization daw, Zhuyin fuhao ㄉㄠ, and Cyrillic Palliday system дао.

After control of Taiwan was handed to the Republic of China in 1945, the official romanization of the city name came to be " Kao-hsiung ", based on the Wade – Giles romanization of the Mandarin reading of the kanji name.

Wade – Giles (; ; Wade – Giles: Wei < sup > 2 </ sup >- Shi < sup > 4 </ sup > P ' in < sup > 1 </ sup >- yin < sup > 1 </ sup >), sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a romanization system for the Mandarin Chinese language.

Pinyin and Wade are both based on the pronunciations of the Beijing dialect or Mandarin Chinese.

Therefore, when names of Jurchens, or Jurchen terms, are written in English, the same writing convention is usually followed as for Chinese words: that is, the English spelling is simply the Romanization ( Pinyin or Wade – Giles, as the case may be ) of the Modern Standard Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese characters that were used to render the Jurchen name or word.

He tracks down Jiang Zhong, Instructor Zhang and Inspector Zhang at Mandarin Ducks Tower ( 鴛鴦樓 ) and kills them, along with Inspector Zhang's entire family.

A Chinese Islamic restaurant ( 清真菜館 mandarin: qīngzhēn càiguǎn ) can be similar to a Mandarin restaurant with the exception that there is no pork on the menu and is primarily noodle / soup based.

( Jieshi is the Pinyin romanization of the name, based on Mandarin, but the common romanized rendering is Kai-shek which is in Cantonese romanization.

As the republicans were based in Canton ( a Cantonese speaking area, now commonly known as Guangzhou ), Chiang became known by Westerners under the Cantonese romanization of his courtesy name, while the family name as known in English seems to be the Mandarin pronunciation of his Chinese family name, transliterated in Wade-Giles )

Four of the characters in " Think Blue, Count Two " are called " Thirteen " in different languages: Tiga-belas ( both in Indonesian and Malay ), Trece ( Spanish ), Talatashar ( based on an Arabic dialect form < big > ثلاث عشر </ big >, thalāth ʿashar ) and Sh ' san ( based on Mandarin 十三, shísān, where the " í " is never pronounced ).

Pronunciation of Standard Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin Chinese, while grammar and syntax are based on modern vernacular written Chinese.

Standard Chinese is based on the particular Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing, with some lexical and syntactic influence from other Mandarin dialects.

Within Chinese social or cultural discourse, there is not a common " Mandarin " identity based on language ; rather, there are strong regional identities centred on individual dialects because of the wide geographical distribution and cultural diversity of their speakers.

After the fall of the Northern Song dynasty, and during the reign of the Jin ( Jurchen ) and Yuan ( Mongol ) dynasties in northern China, a common speech developed based on the dialects of the North China Plain around the capital, a language referred to as Old Mandarin.

As a practical measure, officials of the Ming and Qing dynasties carried out the administration of the empire using a common language based on Mandarin varieties, known as Guānhuà.

This is based on an old Mandarin civil service examination question that reads " Is the defense of Kai Feng Fu against the Mongols ( 1232 ) the first recorded use of cannon ?".

* the common term in Taiwan and Hong Kong for Standard Chinese, based on Mandarin Chinese

As an example, based on 每 " each ", pronounced měi in Standard Mandarin, are the characters 侮 " to humiliate ", 悔 " to regret " and 海 " sea ", pronounced wǔ, huǐ and hǎi respectively in Mandarin.

An alternative Chinese theory expounded in certain dictionaries states that the word " ketchup " derives from a Chinese word composed of two characters ( 茄汁, Cantonese ( Jyutping ): ke2 zap1, Minnan / Southern Hokkien: ga1 zap7, Teochew: giê5 zab4 / kiê5 tsap4, corresponding to Mandarin ( Pinyin ) jiā zhī ) based on Southern Chinese dialects, which means " tomato sauce.

Chinese speakers in disparate dialect groups are able to communicate through writing, because standard written Chinese is based on a standard spoken language (" Mandarin ").

A written vernacular based on Mandarin Chinese was used in novels in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and later refined by intellectuals associated with the May Fourth Movement.

Although the title in Cantonese and Mandarin is based on a Zhou Xuan song whose English title is translated " Age of Bloom ," the international title proved more complex.

Branches of the Chinese family such as Mandarin Chinese ( including Standard Chinese, based on the speech of Beijing ), Yue Chinese and Wu Chinese can be largely treated as divergent developments from the Qieyun system.

There are large economic, social, and practical incentives to be functional in Putonghua, a standardised form of the Mandarin group of dialects which is based in Beijing and spoken with varying degrees of dialectical influences across the northern and southwestern China.

Made on a mere US $ 17 million budget, with dialogue in Mandarin, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon became a surprise international success, grossing $ 213. 5 million.

Mandarin Oriental also embarked on its strategy to double its available rooms and capitalize on its brand.

A radical departure from the rhyme table tradition that had evolved over the previous centuries, this dictionary contains a wealth of information on the phonology of Old Mandarin.

* Shawarma ( Mandarin Chinese: 沙威馬 shāwēimǎ )-A sandwich usually made from spiced, grilled chicken and served on a leavened, white flour bun with julienned cabbage, a slice of tomato, sliced onions, ketchup, and mayonnaise.

The second character is qi in Mandarin, and thus wok hei is sometimes rendered as wok chi in Western cookbooks ) is the flavour, tastes, and " essence " imparted by a hot wok on food during stir frying.

The Albanian, Macedonian, Portuguese for Africa, Serbian, and English for the Caribbean services were closed ; the Russian, Ukranian, Mandarin Chinese, Turkish, Vietnamese, Azeri and Spanish for Cuba services ceased broadcasting a radio service and the Hindi, Indonesian, Kyrgyz, Nepali, Swahili, Kinyarwanda and Kirundi services ceased transmission on the short wave band.

A 1953 government report on mountain areas stated that its aims were chiefly to promote Mandarin in order to strengthen a national outlook and create good customs.

Some dislike the name Taiwanese as they feel that it belittles other variants such as Mandarin, Hakka, and the aboriginal languages which are spoken on Taiwan.

Zhuyin ( sometimes called Bopomofo ) is a semi-syllabary used to phonetically transcribe Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China.

File: HK Food Chinese Seafood Dinner 鮑魚仔 Steamed Abalone with Mandarin orange peels. JPG |< center > Abalone with mandarin orange peels .</ center >

Chinese languages treat these two phones differently ; for example in Mandarin, ( written b in Pinyin ) and ( written p ) contrast phonemically.

However, breathy-voiced and aspirated stops are acoustically similar in that in both cases there is an audible period of breathiness following the stop, and in the history of various languages ( e. g. Ancient Greek, Mandarin Chinese ), breathy-voiced stops have subsequently developed into voiceless aspirated stops.

Other languages use fricative and often trilled segments as syllabic nuclei, as in Czech and several languages in Democratic Republic of the Congo, and China, including Mandarin Chinese.

For instance, nearly all Australian languages lack fricatives ; a large percentage of the world's languages, for example Mandarin Chinese, lack voiced stops as phonemes such as,, and.

69. 4 % spoke English, 6. 9 % Spanish, 3. 2 % Chinese or Mandarin, 3. 0 % Portuguese, 2. 9 % French Creole, 2. 3 % French, 1. 5 % Korean, and 1. 0 % Italian as their first language.

* Mandarin Chinese children's story in simplified Chinese showing the stroke order for every character.

There have been attempts to incorporate democracy, republicanism, and industrialism into Chinese philosophy, notably by Sun Yat-Sen ( Sūn yì xiān, in one Mandarin form of the name ) at the beginning of the 20th century.

In Mandarin Chinese it is pronounced something like " chee " in English, but the tongue position is different.

He is known as Jiang Jieshi ( 蔣介石 ) or Jiang Zhongzheng ( 蔣中正 ) in Mandarin Chinese.

Mandarin Chinese Guoyu (" Nation-Language "), was promoted as an standard tongue, and the establishment of communications facilities ( including radio ) were used to encourage a sense of Chinese nationalism in a way that was not possible when the nation lacked an effective central government.

( 2006 TV series ), a Singapore Mandarin Chinese TV series

An opposite example is the case of Chinese, whose variations such as Mandarin and Cantonese are often called dialects and not languages, despite their mutual unintelligibility, because the word for them in Mandarin, 方言 fāngyán, was mistranslated as " dialect " because it meant " regional speech ".

In Hanyu Pinyin, the four tones of Mandarin Chinese are denoted by the macron ( first tone ), acute ( second tone ), caron ( third tone ) and grave ( fourth tone ) diacritics.

However, is not a phoneme in Mandarin, which has no voiced plosives, therefore the initial voicing of is not significant to the Chinese listener.

* Dong ( Chinese surname ), a transliteration of Chinese family names 董, 東 ( in Mandarin pinyin )