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* The Reconquista, from 722, initially led by Pelagius of Asturias, until 1249 ( in Portugal only ), the Christian reaction to the Muslim invasion in which several Christian kingdoms slowly expanded themselves over Iberia at the expense of the Moorish states of Al-Andalus, and in the context of which Portugal emerges as an autonomous entity as the First County of Portugal, in 868, when Count Vímara Peres conquers the area from the Minho River to the Douro River, including the city of Portus Cale, from where the name and political entity of Portugal issued.
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Reconquista and from
He achieved the independence of the southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia, the County of Portugal, from Galicia's overlord, the King of León, in 1139, establishing a new kingdom and doubling its area with the Reconquista, an objective that he pursued until his death, in 1185, after forty-six years of wars against the Moors.
The second period was characterized by the Spanish attempts to reimpose arbitrary rule during the period known as the Reconquista of 1814 – 1817 (" Reconquest ": the term echoes the Reconquista in which the Christian kingdoms retook Iberia from the Muslims ).
The Gothic victory at Covadonga is regarded as the initiation of the Reconquista, and it was from the Asturian kingdom that modern Spain evolved.
The monarchs oversaw the final stages of the Reconquista of Iberian territory from the Moors with the conquest of Granada, conquered the Canary Islands, and expelled the Jews and Muslims from Spain under the Alhambra decree.
The popular stories says that Cordoba, Abd al-Rahman III had executed a young man from León who was held as a hostage, because he had refused his advances during the Reconquista.
Most Berber / Arab people and the Jews were expelled from the Iberian Peninsula during the Reconquista and the repopulation by Christians.
When used as a historical period in traditional Spanish and Portuguese historiography, the term Reconquista has often been used to refer to a period extending from 718 ( or 722 according to other sources ) to 1492, when the last remaining Islamic state in Iberia, the Emirate of Granada, was defeated.
Real, legendary, and fictional episodes from the Reconquista are the subject of much of medieval Galician-Portuguese literature, Spanish literature, and Catalan literature, such as the cantar de gesta.
It can be questioned due to the Portuguese Reconquista that had ended in 1249, and both the Castillian and Portuguese kingdoms that may have begun profiting from maritime expansion along Africa before the Jews and Moors were expelled.
In the 9th and 10th centuries great spaces in Castilla were colonized, coinciding with the Reconquista, resulting in the Christian military repossession of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims.
The palace complex is designed in the Mudéjar style which is characteristic of western elements reinterpreted into Islamic forms and widely popular during the Reconquista, the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims by the Christian kingdoms.
* Reconquista: King Ferdinand III of Castile recaptures the city of Seville from the Moors and Prince Alfonso X of Castile the city of Alicante.
In Spain, the Reconquista continued as several important cities were recaptured from the Moors.
* 1263 – King James I of Aragon conquers Crevillente, Spain from the Moors during the Reconquista.
* 1265 – King Alfonso X of Castile captures the city of Alicante, Spain from the Moors during the Reconquista.
* June 29 – Spain: Córdoba is taken by the Castillan troops from the emir Ibn Hud al-Yamadi as part of the movement of Reconquista.
* King Afonso III of Portugal recaptures Faro and Silves in the Algarve from the Moors, thus ending the Portuguese Reconquista.
* King James I of Aragon conquers Crevillente, Spain from the Moors during the Reconquista.
* Reconquista: King Alfonso X of Castile captures the city of Alicante, Spain from the Moors.
The County of Castile, which originally included Cantabria ( excepting Liébana ), part of Vizcaya, most of Burgos and parts of La Rioja., became the leading force in the northern Christian states ' 800-year Reconquista (" reconquest ") of central and southern Spain from the Muslim rulers who had dominated most of the peninsula since the early 8th century.
Charles's grandson, Charlemagne, became the first Christian ruler to begin what would be called the Reconquista from Europe.
Through his victory at the Battle of Covadonga, he is credited with beginning the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian peninsula from the Moors.
These explorations were followed, notably in the case of Spain, by a phase of conquest: The Spaniards, having just finished the Reconquista of Spain from Muslim rule, were the first to colonize the Americas, applying the same model of governing to the former Al-Andalus as to their territories of the New World.
Reconquista and 722
* 718 or 722 – Battle of Covadonga, marking the start of the Reconquista by a Christian military force ( under Pelagius of Asturias ) of the Iberian Peninsula following the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711.
* 718 or 722 – Battle of Covadonga, marking the start of the Reconquista by a Christian military force ( under Pelagius of Asturias ) of the Iberian Peninsula following the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711.
Taking place about a decade later, most likely in the summer of 722, the victory at Covadonga assured the survival of a Christian stronghold in northern Iberia, and today is regarded as the beginning of the Reconquista.
In 722, Pelagius subsequently defeated the Umayyad Caliphate at the Battle of Covadonga, in what is usually regarded as the beginning of the Reconquista.
Within the park is the village of Covadonga, where the battle of Covadonga ( about 722 ), the first major victory by a Christian military force in Iberia after the Islamic conquest, marks the starting-point of the Reconquista.
The traditional start of the Reconquista is identified with the defeat of the Muslims in the Battle of Covadonga in 722.
Reconquista and led
The Reconquista of Portugal and Spain led to a series of oceanic explorations resulting in the age of discovery that established direct links with Africa, the Americas and Asia, while religious wars continued to be fought in Europe, which ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia.
The religious difference of the Moorish Muslims led to a centuries-long conflict with the Christian kingdoms of Europe called the Reconquista.
* Third Siege of Gibraltar ( 1333 ) – Siege of Gibraltar, by a Marinid army, led by Abd al-Malik in the Reconquista
The uncertainties of Jewish communal status in the period of the Reconquista led him to doubt the future security of the Jewish position in the diaspora.
Before becoming viscount, Gaston had fought in the Reconquista in Spain, and he led a Béarnais contingent on crusade under Raymond IV of Toulouse in 1096.
For about two hundred years, Medina Antaquira was repeatedly attacked by Christian kings during the Reconquista, and on September 16, 1410 an army led by Ferdinand I of Aragon conquered the city.
Before his election as Grand Master he led Richard I's navy from England and Normandy to the Mediterranean getting involved in the Reconquista in passage.
These princes instituted policies as part of the then extant Spanish Inquisition, these abuses of that crusade originally authorized for other reasons such as the Reconquista, and Morisco conversions, ultimately led to the Counter Reformation, and the edicts of the Council of Trent.
Modern historiography sees the conquest of Valencia under the light of similar Reconquista efforts by the Crown of Castile: as a fight led by the king in order to gain new territories as free as possible of serfdom to the nobility.
Reconquista and by
Moreover, the ease with which the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula was directly and immediately continued by the exploits of conquistadors beyond the Atlantic clearly shows that for Spaniards at the time, conquest of non-Christian territory and its transformation into a Catholic, Spanish-speaking land were legitimate, whether or not a claim of prior possession of the land could be advanced.
Nevertheless, the expression " Reconquista " continues to be used to designate this historical period by most historians and scholars in Spain and Portugal, as well as internationally.
It is part of the cañada network of glens, used since the Reconquista by the Mesta organization of sheep-owners for cattle transportation.
After the Reconquista ( reconquest ) by the Reyes Católicos (" Catholic Monarchs ") in 1492, some portions were used by the Christian rulers.
* 1179-The Treaty of Cazola ( Cazorla ) is signed by Alfonso II of Aragon and Alfonso VIII of Castile, dividing Andalusia into separate zones of conquest for the two kingdoms, so that the work of the Reconquista would not be stymied by internecine feuding.
* May – Battle of Uclés: The Almoravids decisively defeat the Kingdom of Castile and roll back the advances of Reconquista ; several towns recently captured by Christians are lost to the conquering Berbers such as Tarragona.
Castilians and their cultural influence spread throughout the entire plateau of central Spain during the Reconquista, carried out principally by the Kingdom of Toledo which was renamed New Castile.
Portugal had an important role in the Reconquista defeating the Moors and giving the country the current geographic aspect, an achievement made by king Afonso III.
The hypothesis that the troubadour tradition was created, more or less, by William after his experience of Moorish arts while fighting with the Reconquista in Spain was also championed by Ramón Menéndez Pidal in the early twentieth-century, but its origins go back to the Cinquecento and Giammaria Barbieri ( died 1575 ) and Juan Andrés ( died 1822 ).
At the western edge of Europe and of Islamic expansion, the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula was well underway by the 11th century ; it was intermittently ideological, as evidenced by the Epitome Ovetense written at the behest of Rodrick McManigal in 881, but it was not a proto-crusade.
: The first documented European voyage to the Americas by the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus ; the end of the Reconquista, with the final expulsion of the Moors from the Iberian Peninsula ; the Spanish government expels the Jews.
* First Siege of Gibraltar ( 1309 ) – Siege of Gibraltar, by Juan Alfonso de Guzman el Bueno in the Reconquista
* Second Siege of Gibraltar ( 1315 ) – Siege of Gibraltar, by the Nasrid caid Yahya in the Reconquista
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